1800-1848 Flashcards
1
Q
1800 Election and Jefferson
A
- complications due to Republican not throwing out vote, and led to Jefferson beating Burr
- 12th Amendment simplified Electoral College
- First peaceful transfer of power
- Thomas Jefferson was racist - Notes on the State of Virginia
- 1800 Gabriels Rebellion - so Virginia made stricter laws for slaves - harder to free and must be with white person to have church on Sun
- Jefferson got rid of all taxes tariff, paid off part on national debt, cut military and navy
- 1803 Marbury v Madison, can uphold or invalidate laws
- 1803 Louisiana Purchase - Jeffersons purchase conflicted with strict readings by Jefferson and expanded presidential powers
- Jeffersons Embargo meant US ships couldn’t go to foreign ports, and US exports dropped by 80%, since no trade US manufacturing began to increase - was massive exercise of federal power and limited liberties of people
2
Q
Causes of War of 1812
A
- British Impressment
- Henry Clay was a War hawk, many Americans angry with Britain
- Britain tries to regulate US trade with Orders in Councell which required American ships dock in Britain and pay tax before going to other countries
- Americans wanted land including Canada - agrarian republic needed new land, and pushed into west some assimilated like John Ross of the Cherokee while Others tried to maintain culture like Tenskwatawa the Prophet who rejected white people things like alcohol, and some fought like Tecumseh
- William Henrey Harrison - fought Prophetstown and won
- Americans herd British where telling natives to fight
- Northern States which relied on trade didn’t want war while southern and western agrarian states did to expand
- Not everyone was in on the war
3
Q
War of 1812
A
- US had bad military, and Navy, and Britain didn’t start beating US till Napoleonic War was over
- British captured Detroit
- 1814 British burned Washington DC
- Battle of New Orleans occurred after the peace Treaty was signed and led to Americans feeling like they won
4
Q
Post War of 1812
A
- little land change
- natives where the losers
- British continued trade
- Launched Jacksons Career
- solidified Louisianan purchase lands
- End of Federalists party, Hartford convention right before Jackson won and they looked un patriotic
- New Nationalism, and US belief in its importance
5
Q
Market Revolution
A
- 1812 - 1836 Era of Good Feelings - Only one political Party
- Market revolution led to less focus on agrarian society and focus on production of goods
- New tech - travel was expensive and long over land so new roads, and canals, steamboats, railroads, telegraph, factory
- Early factories gathered workers in one place and had them specialize, earliest were powered by water, after 1840 steam power was used so factories made near cities and in Midwest
- These innovations required investments, and protection with state - in 1830s states passed laws which made making a cooperation easier, supreme court created competition Ogden v Morrow
6
Q
Changes from the market
A
- originally many worked from home and hours where based off light but now people where gathered in factory and worked based off a clock, railroads also needed clocks
- more could now work in industry, women where cheaper to employ
- nature of work changed, from price of artisan to wage per time worked, this undermined idea of freedom in America
7
Q
Migration
A
- Due to poor conditions, and lack of freedom many would move out west, between 1815 and 1821 Alabama, Mississippi, Illinois, Indiana, and 2 more founded,
- first half of 19th century embodied manifest destiny
- with all the migration factory owners found it hard to get workers so focus on immigrants, 1845 - 1851 Potato Famine led to Irish immigration
- Transcendentalism - redefine freedom
- Early 19th century saw Boom and bust called business cycles, so workers created Working Man’s Parties which morphed into unions, who fought for higher wages and better conditions
8
Q
Impact of the Market Revolution
A
- Many people left with less freedoms and they had become heavily devalued,
9
Q
Industrialization and Slavery
A
- Without southern cotton the north couldn’t industrialize because the textiles needed raw materials
- Slavery became less prevalent in North yet exporting of cotton made northern businessmen rich, northern insurance companies insured slaves
10
Q
Slavery
A
- South was agricultural and rural
- most urbanization was in northern south
- little industry, and railroads, because entire economy focused on agriculture
- most slave owners had 5 or fewer
- justice and self preservation through slavery where opposed and as slavery became more entrenched they made more excuses - Slaves benefited from slavery, rise in ways to show white superiority
- slaves where dehumanized
- Slaves resisted dehumanization by slaves marrying, slaves liked exodus
- 1831 Nat Turner Rebellion - went to many different farms killing people
- In response to resistance Va and other states would make slavery worse banning preaching and reading
11
Q
Pre Jackson
A
- Owning land making you a voter is a Jeffersonian idea
- American System supported by Henry Clay and Calhoun and involved economic nationalism with infrastructure, tariffs to protect new manufacturing, and a second national Bank
- After Latin American won ind from Spain president Monroe (1823) said Europe can’t retake colonies, and US wouldn’t involve itself in European wars
- Last Era of Good feelings president was (1825-1829)John Quincy Adams and expansionist, some thought gov shouldn’t invest in infrastructure
12
Q
Missouri Compromise
A
- ## Missouri had a lot of people and slaves, and it was proposed to make it a state but no more slaves, this led to Missouri Compromise with Missouri and Maine (1820), no state above 36 30 line
13
Q
Jacksons Rise
A
- Battle of New Orleans
- Killing Indians in Florida
- (1824) Jackson lost, 1828 Jackson won
- ran as champion of common man
- New Democratic Party, who didn’t like rich, bankers, merchants
- In response the Whigs where created because Jackson gained power, King Andrew, supported tariffs and infrastructure
- Tariff of 1828, Jackson supported because raised price of imported manufacturing goods - SC hated because they had no manufacturing capabilities and Sc threatened to nullify - Tarif of 1832 wasn’t as bad but Sc nullified it, so 1833 Force Act is Passed where army and navy can be used to collect taxes - Jackson got a reputation as tyrannical using military to gain taxes,
- Indian Removal act of 1830 allowed for southeast natives to be relocated, Indians sued and won, yet they would be removed in 1838-39 under van Buran (Trail of Tears)
- In the beginning there was the Second Bank, and it expired in 1836 because Jackson allowed it to expire through veto which he would use a lot expanding presidential power
- Jackson created spoils system, and dispersed money into local banks that supported him and they would over print
- Panic of 1837 - 1843 - Jackson bad fiscal policy - business oriented democrats became whigs and agrarian democrats moved more towards agrarianism which meant slavery
- Jackson gave more people right to vote by removing land requirement yet consolidated most power and said president was most important democratic person
14
Q
Industrialization Response
A
- desire for utopian society eg shakers, celibate, embraced equality of sexes
- Mormons also successful - persecuted and chased from New York to Utah
- 2nd Great Awakening - religious revival and America became much more Christian, # of ministers went from 2k to 40k 1770s to 1845, centered at western New York
15
Q
2nd Great Awakening
A
- centered in western new York, known as burned over district, stressed individual choice and personal relationship with Jesus, influenced by market revolution, many preachers criticized the individualism of free market competition yet with religious fervor burning desire for ministers who would travel like salesmen, they preached sobriety, industry and self discipline, they preached market economy and reform
- overwhelmingly protestant, didn’t appeal to wave of Irish and German immigrants who were Catholics, many reformers believed in perfectionism
- freedom - self discipline and control
- it wasn’t just avoiding sin but perfecting their communities, this led to temperance
