APUSH 1.3 vocab

Question 1

gunpowder

Answer 1

• Created by the Chinese, Europeans introduced this technological advancement to society during the 15th and 16 centuries.
• One of the inventions that the Europeans used during the Renaissance, which was a time where the Europeans had technological advances as a result of making improvements from the inventions of others.

Question 2

sailing compass

Answer 2

• Used as a technological advancement in European society during the 15th and 16th century, although it was adopted by Arab merchants who had learned about it from the Chinese.
• One of the inventions that the Europeans used during the Renaissance, which was a time where the Europeans had technological advances as a result of making improvements from the inventions of others.

Question 3

printing press

Answer 3

• Invented by Europeans in the 1450s.
• This invention aided the spread of knowledge across Europe.

Question 4

isabella and ferdinand

Answer 4

• After Islamic invaders from North Africa (Moors) conquered most of Spain, Spanish Christians spent the next several centuries reconquering much of the land and created many independent kingdoms. Two of the largest kingdoms united when Isabella, queen of Castile, and Ferdinand, king of Aragon, married in 1469.
• Under the leadership of Isabella and Ferdinand in 1492, the Spanish conquered the last Moorish stronghold in Spain, the city of Granada. Their unification signaled new leadership, hope, and power for Europeans who followed the Roman Catholic faith.

Question 5

Christopher Columbus

Answer 5

• Monarchs funded Christopher Columbus in 1492 on his voyage.
• The launching of his voyage signaled new leadership, hope, and power for Europeans who followed the Roman Catholic faith.

Question 6

protestant reformation

Answer 6

• In the early 1500s, certain Christians in Germany, England, France, Holland, and other northern European countries revolted against the authority of the pope in Rome. Conflicts between Catholics and Protestants led to many religious wars, resulting in millions of deaths in the 16th and 17th centuries.
• The conflict between Catholics and protestants caused many Catholics and protestants to want to spread their own versions of Christianity to Africa, Asia, and the Americas. Thus, introducing a religious motive into exploration and colonization.

Question 7

henry the navigator

Answer 7

• When the Portuguese discovered that a new way to Asia was by sailing south along the West African coast and then east to China, their prince Henry the Navigator sponsored their voyage which succeeded in opening up a long sea route around South Africa’s Cape of Good Hope.
• Portuguese voyages of exploration sponsored by him succeeded in finding up a shortcut to rich Asian trade, which Columbus was unable to do.

Question 8

nation-states

Answer 8

• These were countries in which the majority of people shared both a common culture and common loyalty toward a central government. Their monarchs depended on trade for revenues on the Church to justify their right to rule.
• These replaced the small kingdoms and multiethnic empires in Europe during the 15th century, as Europe was changing politically.

Question 9

treaty of tordesillas

Answer 9

• In 1494, Spain and Portugal moved the pope’s line a few degrees to the west and signed this treaty. The new line passed through what today is Brazil.
• This treaty, along with Portuguese explorations, established Portugal’s claim to Brazil, and that Spain could claim the rest of the Americas.