April Flashcards

1
Q

Gradual withdrawal of systemic corticosteroids should be considered if a patient has received what level of Prednisolone over what length of time?

A

At least 40mg prednisolone daily for more than 1 week

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2
Q

With lithium monitoring, plasma lithium levels should be taken how long after the last dose?

A

12 hours

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3
Q

How does glimepiride work?

A

A sulphonylurea that stimulates the production of insulin in pancreatic islet cells

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4
Q

Why should bismuth subsalicylate not be used in under 16?

A

Think aspirin, salicylate, Reye’s syndrome

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5
Q

What are black triangle drugs?

A

Newly licensed drugs that are monitored intensively by the MHRA

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6
Q

Crohn’s disease normally affects what part of the gastro-intestinal tract?

A

Can affect any part of it

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7
Q
Azathioprine interacts with:
Allopurinol 
Morphine 
Atenolol 
Gabapentin
A

Allopurinol

Increased risk of toxicity when allopurinol and azathioprine given together

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8
Q

Records concerning the destruction of schedule 2 drugs should be kept for how long?

A

7 years

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9
Q
There is an increased risk of myopathy when simvastatin is given with:
Ranitidine 
Verapamil 
Warfarin
Azathioprine
A

Verapamil

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10
Q
Which of the following are not used in depression?
Citalopram 
Amitriptyline
Phenelzine
Nefopam
A

Nefopam is not used in the treatment of depression.

Pain medicine

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11
Q

Atenolol is one of the most water soluble beta-blockers. What impact does this have on its ability to cause sleep disturbances?

A

More water soluble = less likely to cross blood brain barrier = less likely to cause sleep disturbance

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12
Q

What type of insulin is isophane insulin?

A

Intermediate acting

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13
Q

How is doxycycline used for malaria prophylaxis?

A

1-2 days before entering malaria area, duration of stay and for 4 weeks afterwards

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14
Q
There is an increased risk of myopathy when simvastatin is used with:
Lithium 
Grapefruit juice 
Colchicine 
Amlodipine
A

Increased risk of myopathy when with grapefruit juice, amlodipine and colchicine.

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15
Q

A woman is considered fertile for how long after her last period?

A

2 years if under 50, 1 year if over 50

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16
Q
Which of the following is not a type of psoriasis:
Chronic plaque psoriasis 
Guttate psoriasis 
Psoriasis of the nails
Arhritic psoriasis 
Epidermal psoriasis
A

Epidermal psoriasis.

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17
Q
Which of the following is not a sign of chronic renal failure?
Pruritis
Yellowing of the skin and iris
Bruising
Anorexia
Peripheral neuropathy
A

Yellowing of the skin and iris = jaundice = liver failure

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18
Q
Which of the following is not a function of the liver:
Storage of bile
Filtration of waste products
Metabolism
Synthesis of proteins 
Homeostasis
A

Storage of bile

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19
Q
Which of the following causes GORD:
Smoking
Diet rich in fibre
Drugs such as H2 receptor antagonists
Drugs such as H1 receptor antagonists 
Diet rich in protein
A

Smoking

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20
Q

Leafy greens have what effect on INR?

A

Decrease it, warfarin prevents the production of vitamin k-dependent clotting factors. Green, leafy vegetables are rich in vitamin K.

21
Q

Dietary supplementation of which vitamin should be avoided by pregnant women?

A

A, or retinol, can harm the growth of a fetus

22
Q
Which of the following tests is not currently routinely recommended before starting treatment with amiodarone?
Liver function test
Chest X-ray
Thyroid function test 
Kidney function test
A

CXR, LFTs and TFTs should be completed every 6 months for patients taking amiodarone.

23
Q
Which of the following beta-blockers are not cardioselective?
Bisoprolol
Atenolol
Nebivolol
Propranolol
A

Propranolol is not cardioselective, the other three are.

24
Q

In anaphylaxis, how often should adrenaline injections be administered if symptoms remain/recur?

A

Every 5 minutes.

25
How long until senna works?
8 hours
26
A foul, fishy-smelling discharge indicates what GU condition?
Bacterial vaginosis
27
What is the treatment of bacterial vaginosis?
Oral metronidazole: Suggested duration of treatment 5–7 days (or high-dose metronidazole as a single dose). Alternatively, topical metronidazole for 5 days or topical clindamycin for 7 days
28
Hydrocortisone 0.1% cream can only be sold for use by patients that are at least how old?
10 years of age
29
What is first-line treatment for indigestion?
Antacids such as magnesium hydroxide.
30
Long term use of proton pump inhibitors has been associated with increased risk of what GI condition?
C. difficile
31
``` Which of the following has faecal softening activity? Docusate sodium Bisacodyl Senna Isphagula husk ```
Docusate sodium is a stimulant laxative with faecal softening activity. Bisacodyl is a stimulant laxative. Senna is a stimulant laxative. Isphagula is a bulk forming laxative
32
What is an FP10CDF form used for?
Requisitions for sch 2 or 3 CDs
33
Which of the following antimicrobials has a significant interaction with azathioprine? Trimethoprim Metronidazole Oxytetracycline Fluconazole
Azathioprine and trimethoprim = increased risk of toxicity
34
Can senna be used safely in pregnancy?
No it is a stimulant laxative
35
What is the treatment of whooping cough in infants less than 1 month of age?
Clarithromycin
36
What is the treatment of whooping cough in children aged 1 month or older and non-pregnant adults?
Azithromycin or clarithromycin
37
What is the treatment of whooping cough in pregnant women?
Erythromycin for pregnant women from 36 weeks gestation
38
Can clarithryomycin be used with: a) haloperidol b) sotalol c) terfenadine d) pimozide
None of them, they all prolong QT intervals and so can macrolides.
39
Are macrolides safe to use in liver failure?
No, excreted mainly by the liver
40
Ursodeoxycholic Acid is contraindicated in patients with what?
Ursodeoxycholic Acid is contraindicated in patients with acute inflammation of the gall bladder
41
Which illness is characterised by white spots surrounded by a red ring on the inner cheek and gums?
Measles
42
Vaccination against this disease is usually given within the first year of life in a combination vaccine with diphtheria, tetanus, haemophilus influenza type b and polio.
Whooping cough
43
Pregnant women have to be extra cautious to ensure that they will not come into contact with this disease as there is an increased risk of congenital abnormalities?
German measles: rubella
44
What temperature should pharmacy fridges be maintained between?
2-8*C
45
What medicines should be taken in the morning and on an empty stomach?
Levothyroxine, lansoprazole and perindopril.
46
What medicines should be taken after food?
Metformin, NSAIDs, nitrofurantoin (or with).
47
What medications should be taken with food?
Bulk forming laxatixes (and 300ml). Aldosterone antagonists Metformin (With or after) Nitrofurantoin (or after food)
48
Can ACEi, gabapentin and phenytoin be given with antacids?
NO