Approaches To Coaching

Question 1

Direct coaching

Answer 1

The direct approach to coaching is a “skill and drill”, instructor driven method that is particularly effective at enhancing skill development in the early stages of learning

Characteristics of direct coaching

• limited need or opportunity for learners to make decisions
• coaches instruct learners via demonstrations
• coach/instructor centred
• learning is explicit (learning takes place as a result of direct instruction of how to perform task)

Question 2

Direct coaching example

Answer 2

I direct coaching approach to coaching would be to have a better completing A high structured Drew such as hitting of a tee with one size bat. The batter will be given instruction on how to execute the skill correctly and where to hit the ball. The coach would teach by demonstrations and provide feedback between each hit. There is no need for the athlete to make decisions of think independently because the coach tells the hitter what to do when to do it

Question 3

Direct Coaching

Advantages V disadvantages

Answer 3

Advantages

• instructor centred approach keeps learner on task
• provides predictable/closed environment to assist learners in cognitive stage (beginners)
• Improvements in performance during practice are rapid
• emphasis on mastering technique
• set rules guide decision making
• maximise practice time

Disadvantages

• Boring repetitive drills
• skills unable to be effectively applied in game
• the learner may not develop sufficient tactical awareness to be an effective competitor
• learners become dependent on coaches instructions for success

Question 4

Constraints- based coaching

Answer 4

The constraints based approach to coaching is a learner-driven method that develops both the technical (skill) and tactical awareness.

Characteristics of constraints-based coaching:

• high level of variability during practice
• leaner centred
• coaches deliberately manipulate constraints (task/individual/ environment) to achieve a desired learning outcome (enable learner to find a movement solution)
• learning is IMPLICIT- (learning takes place as a result of completing a task with less explicit instructions and increase use of role-plays

Question 5

Example of constraints -based coaching

Answer 5

A constraints-based approach to coaching would involve manipulating constraints, particularly task constraints. Using purposeful small-sided games earlier in development (when practical to do so) enables learners to discover what is required for effective skill execution and effective decision making when faced with movement challenges. This type of practice is more variable and results in greater engagement of learners

For example,
A coach wants his soccer team to pass the ball more frequently and effectively. The coach develops a small-sided game where players are encouraged to pass the ball more and restricted in thier NATURAL INCLINATION to dribble.

Question 6

Advantages and Disadvantages of Constraints Based Coaching

Answer 6

Advantages
-skills developed are more relevant to game environment

-develops technical and tactical awareness of athletes

• provides a more interesting and engaging learning environment
• develops technical and tactical awareness
• motivating-learners empowered to find movement solutions
• Decrease likelihood of choking at times of stress (implicit learners will direct attention to performing the skill fluently rather than technical aspects that underpin the skill)

Disadvantages
-cognitive athletes may lack the fundamental motor skills to execute sport- specific skills in small-sided games

-coaches need to understand the games sense approach and have experience in developing games and manipulating constraints

• less regimented approach may not be suitable for large groups or young athletes
• may take longer to achieve results
• coaches need to understand the games sense approach and have experience in developing games and manipulating constraints