Approaches

Question 1

Name a behaviourist psychologist and what theory did he develop

Answer 1

Pavlov & Classical Conditioning

Question 2

What is Classical conditioning

Answer 2

A type of learning in which a neutral stimulus become associated with a stimulus, producing a behaviour

Question 3

What did Pavlov test his theory on

Answer 3

Pavlov tested Classical Conditioning on Dogs. He used a bell and dog food and of course a dog.

Question 4

What is Positive reinforcement

Answer 4

When a behaviour is followed by a desirable consequence and is more likely to be repeated

Question 5

What is negative reinforcement

Answer 5

When a behaviour is followed by the removal of an adverse consequence and is more likely to be repeated

Question 6

What did skinner use to test Classical conditioning

Answer 6

A rat in the box

Question 7

What is a genotype

Answer 7

The genetic makeup of an organism

Question 8

What is a phenotype

Answer 8

A person’s expression of their genes which leads to observable characteristics of a person

Question 9

Biological Psychologists believe that the structure organs such as the [….], […….. ……. ………] and [……… …….. ………] and [……. ……..] determine our behavior

Answer 9

(In the following order)
Brain, Central Nervous System (CNS), Peripheral Nervous System (PNS), Endocrine System

Question 10

Psychodynamic approach basic assumptions

Answer 10

• All behaviours has an underlying cause
• The causes of a persons behaviour originate in their unconscious

Question 11

Tell me as much as you can about Freud and his iceberg theory

Answer 11

Freud likened three levels of the mind to an iceberg. The Conscious, Preconscious and Unconscious minds
——————————
1. The top of the iceberg you can see represents the conscious mind. This stage has thoughts and perceptions
2. The bit of the iceberg submerged just below the water represents the preconscious mind. This stage has memories stored and knowledge
3. The bit of the iceberg deep in the water represents the Unconscious mind. This stage has instincts, fears, trauma, violence and selfishness

Question 12

Internal conflict

Answer 12

The conflict between basic desires (the id), morality and being a good person (superego) and consciousness (the ego)

Question 13

What is the id (personality theory)

Answer 13

The childish and impulsive part of you that just does what it wants without thought of consequences
“I want x, I want y”
(Remember Pleasure principle)

Question 14

What is the ego (Personality theory)

Answer 14

The ego manages the id’s desires

Question 15

Cognitive approach basic assumptions

Answer 15

The cognitive approach assumes that the mind actively processes information from our senses.
Between stimulus & response are complex mental processes which can be studied scientifically

Question 16

What are Internal mental processes (cognitive approach)

Answer 16

The operations that occur during thinking.
Examples: Try remember at least 3
- How we turn information from our eyes into a usable form (perception)
- How we choose what to think about (attention)
- How we store information to use in the future (memory)
- How we construct new solutions (problem-solving)
- How we construct meaningful sentences to communicate with others (language)

Question 17

What are Theoretical Models (cognitive approach)

Answer 17

Theoretical models are visual representation of internal mental processes that are used to help researchers simplify and study complex process

(See pg13 TOPIC COMPANION: APPROACHES IN PSYCHOLOGY BOOK)