APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY - EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY Flashcards
What is educational psychology?
Largest area of applied
Application of psychology principles to children/ young people particularly in a practical educational setting
What does educational psychology look at?
- how to facilitate learning and teaching
- assessment strategies
- how to involve students
- methods to enhance educational context
- behavioural problems and host deal with them
Who are the key stakeholders involved in educational psychology?
Children/ young people particularly in a practical educational setting
What is behaviourism?
Most effective application: managing classroom behvaiour
- often used in relation to emotional behavioural disorders
Whats reinforcement?
A process in which a behvaiour is strengthened by either a reward or a the removal of something unpleasant
Whats schedule of reinforcement?
Pattern that determines how often and when a behaviour is reinforced - after every response at unpredicatable intervals
Whats extinction?
The gradual weakening and disappearance of a learned behaviour when reinforcement is no longer provided
When is behavioist theory mostly used in relation to?
Emotional behavioural disorders and used to managing classroom behvaiour
Whats the social learning theory?
Learning is affected by observation of behaviour
Whats the 4 central factors?
- Attention - look at behvaiour of others
- Retaining information
- Reproducing information or behvaiour
- Motivation to reproduce information or behaviour
Whats the most effective application for social learning theory?
Teachers model desired behaviour, reinforce those who also exhibit the behaviour and draw others attention to this
Who did the 4 central factors for the social theory?
Bandura
What’s cognitive developmental theories?
Learning results from changes in mental process that take place in the course of trying to make sense of the world
Whats the cognitive developmental theories?
Learning results from changes in mental process that take place in the course of trying to make sense of the world
Give some examples of the impact of cognitive developmental theories in classroom?
- Pupils learn better when they actively explore things
- Use real problems
- Break down problems using problem solving strategies
- Children should work together
Why does cognitive developmental theories work?
Promotes indepdent learning in pupil
Why does it fail for cognitive developmental theories?
Children struggle to apply to new areas
Define motivation/
Something that drives people to do what they do - cohen
Whats the limitation and problems of a behaviourists approaches to motivation?
Lim = focuses on external forces so can’t explain learning behaviour that has no observable reinforcer
Problem = reinforces can de-motivate children if over used
What’s cognitive approaches?
Children are naturally motivated to learn
- if they experience something they don’t understand they will be driven to make sense of it, resulting in learning
Whats goal setting?
- students adopt learning goals or performance goals
- type of goals selected based on personal understanding of intelligence
Whats attribution theory?
Interpretation of past events will influence motivation to engage in similar events in the future
Why is motivation important?
Pupils work independently in school
- achieving is therefore depdent on own level of effort
Motivation links to progress
Learning at school is de-contextualised
Whats the two types of tests you can take for psychometric testing?
Criterion referenced tests
Norm referenced tests
