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PE Paper 1 > Applied anatomy and physiology 1.2c Injury prevention and the rehabilitation of injury. > Flashcards

Applied anatomy and physiology 1.2c Injury prevention and the rehabilitation of injury. Flashcards

1
Q

Define an acute Injury.

A

A Sudden injury associated with a traumatic event.

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2
Q

Define a Chronic Injury.

A

Develops over repeated continued stress on the body over a period of time slowly developed associated with over use.

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3
Q

Describe a Fracture.

A

A partial or complete break in the bones.
Simple or closed fractures don’t break the skin, Compound or open fractures do.

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4
Q

Define the Signs and symptoms of a fracture.

A

Signs:
Deformity.
Swelling.
Discolouration.

Symptoms:
Pain.
Inability to move the injured area.

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5
Q

Define Dislocation.

A

The displacement of one bone from out their original position.

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6
Q

Define Subluxation.

A

An incomplete or partial dislocation.

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7
Q

Signs and symptoms of dislocation.

A

Signs:
Deformity.
Swelling.

Symptoms:
May feel a pop.
Severe pain.
Loss of movement.

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8
Q

Describe a soft tissue injury.

A

Injury to skin ligaments tendons or muscles include sprains strains and tears.

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9
Q

Describe a haematoma.

A

Localised congealed bleeding from ruptured blood vessels.

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10
Q

Describe a Sprain.

A

Overstretch or tear in the ligament that connects bone bone.

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11
Q

Signs and Symptoms of a Sprain.

A

Signs:
Swelling.
Bruising.

Symptoms:
Inability to bear weight.
Pain.

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12
Q

Describe a Strain.

A

Overstretch or tear in the muscle or tendon that connects muscle to bone.

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13
Q

Signs and symptoms of Strains.

A

Signs:
Swelling/ discolouration.
Bruising.

Symptoms:
Pain on movement.

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14
Q

Describe an abrasion.

A

Superficial damage to the skin caused by scraping against a surface.

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15
Q

Describe a Blister.

A

Separation of layers of skin where a pocket of fluid forms, caused by friction.

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16
Q

Describe a concussion.

A

A traumatic brain injury resulting in a disturbance of brain function.

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17
Q

Signs and symptoms of concussion.

A

Signs:
Possible post traumatic seizures.
loss of conscious.
Balance problems.
Disorientation/ Confusion.

Symptoms:
Lying motionless/ slow to get up.
Headache/ Dizziness.
Visual problems/ light sensitivity.
Nausea/ vomiting.

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18
Q

Describe a stress fracture.

A

A tiny crack in the surface of a bone caused by overuse.

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19
Q

Describe Shin splints.

A

Chronic shin pain due to the inflammation of muscles and stress on the tendon attachments.to the surface of the tibia.

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20
Q

Describe Tendinous.

A

Deterioration of a tendon in response to chronic overuse and repetitive strain.

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21
Q

Signs and symptoms of tendinosis.

A

Signs:
Limited movements/ stiffness.

Symptoms:
Burning/stinging/aching.

22
Q

Describe an Intrinsic risk factor leading to injury.

A

An injury risk or force from inside the body.

23
Q

Describe an Extrinsic risk factor leading to injury.

A

An injury or force from outside the body.

24
Q

Name the intrinsic risk factors leading to injury.

A

Previous injury.
Posture and alignment issues.
Age.
Nutrition.
Poor preparation.
Inadequate fitness level.
inappropriate flexibility level.

25
Q

Name the extrinsic risk factors leading to injury.

A

Poor technique and training.
Incorrect equipment and clothing.
Inappropriate intensity duration or frequency of activity.
Warm-up and cooldown ineffectiveness.

26
Q

What does a warm up do.

A

Raises body temp, increases enzyme activity, diffusion gradients and metabolic activity, improving efficiency of muscular contractions.

Elasticity of muscles, tendons and ligaments improves.
Minimising the risk of injury.

27
Q

Describe the Key features of a Warm up.

A

Lasts 20-45 mins.

Has three stages:
Pulse raiser, light jog.
Stretching and mobility, Should be dynamic and sport-specific.
Sport specific drills, Passing drills.

28
Q

What does a cool down do.

A

Maintaining heart rate and breathing rate to flush tissue with oxygenated blood.
Aids removal of Lactic acid.
Aids healing process.

29
Q

Describe the Key features of a Cool down.

A

Lasts 20-30 mins
Several stages:
Moderate intensity slowly decreasing to maintain HR.
Stretching exercises to reduce muscle tension.

30
Q

Describe SALTAPS.

A

A protocol to asses sporting injuries.

31
Q

Name all parts of SALTAPS.

A

Stop, stop the game.
Ask, questions like how did the injury happen.
Look, at the injury signs of swelling bruising.
Touch, injury site for lumps or feel for heat.
Active movement, ask for participant to move injured area.
Passive movement, assessor moves injured limb.
Strength testing, stand lift and put pressure on injured area.

32
Q

Describe PRICE.

A

A protocol for treatment of acute injuries.

33
Q

Name all parts of PRICE.

A

Protect, injured area from further damage.
Rest, Two to three days.
Ice, bag of frozen peas help reduce swelling.
Compress, area with elastic band limit swelling.
Elevate, Injury above heart.

34
Q

Describe the Six R’s protocol.

A

A protocol for recognition of concussion.

35
Q

Name the six R’s.

A

Recognise, signs of concussion.
Remove, Player form play.
Refer, to qualified medical professional.
Rest, until symptom free.
Recover, Minimum of 1 week for adult and 2 for under 18’s.
Return, Symptom free and cleared by qualified professional before return to play.

36
Q

Describe Rehabilitation.

A

The process of restoring full function after an injury has occured.

37
Q

Describe the three stages of Rehabilitation.

A

Early stage:
Gentle exercise encouraging damaged tissue to heal.

Mid stage:
Progressive loading of connective tissue and bones to develop strength.

Late stage:
Functional exercises and drills to ensure the body is ready for training.

38
Q

Describe Non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID’s).

A

Medication taken to reduce inflammation, temperature and pain following injury.

39
Q

Describe Physiotherapy.

A

Physical treatment of injuries using methods such as mobilisation, massage, exercise therapy and postural training.

40
Q

Describe the treatment of a Simple Fracture.

A

Medical attention ASAP.
PRICE.
Anti-inflammatory drugs and pain medication, NSAID’s.
Severe fractures may require surgery to realign bones.
Physiotherapy may be required.

41
Q

Describe the treatment of a Stress fracture.

A

Medical attention for diagnosis and advice.
PRICE.
Rest for 2 weeks avoid activity for 8 weeks.
Gentle return to exercise.
Strengthening exercises for surrounding connective tissue.

42
Q

Describe the treatment of a Dislocation.

A

Medical attention ASAP.
PRICE.
Anti-inflammatory drugs and pain killers, NSAID’s.
May require surgery to put bones back in position.
Physiotherapy to strengthen surrounding connective tissue.

43
Q

Describe the treatment of a Sprain.

A

Medical attention is severe cases.
PRICE.
Anti-inflammatory drugs and pain killers, NSAID’s.
Severe sprains may need reconstructive surgery.
Heat therapy and contrast therapy could help reduce pain.

44
Q

Describe Heat therapy.

A

Applying heat to an area for therapeutic effect.

45
Q

Describe Contrast therapy.

A

The use of alternating hot and cold for therapeutic effect.

46
Q

Describe the treatment of Torn cartilage.

A

Medical attention ASAP.
PRICE.
Support with a brace.
Anti-inflammatory drugs and pain killers, NSAID’s.
Physiotherapy to strengthen surrounding connective tissue.
Arthroscopy surgery can be used to reshape and resurface torn cartilage.

47
Q

Describe the treatment of Exercise induced muscle damage.

A

Most cases medical assistance not needed.
Cold therapy can be used.
Massage and stretching techniques.
Anti-inflammatory drugs and pain killers, NSAID’s.
Heat therapy and contrast therapy can be used for pain relief.

48
Q

Describe Arthroscopy.

A

A minimally invasive procedure to examine and repair damage within a joint.

49
Q

Describe a Massage.

A

A physical therapy used for injury prevention and soft tissue injury treatment.

50
Q

Describe Cold therapy.

A

Applying ice or cold to an injury after exercise for therapeutic effect such as reducing swelling.

PE Paper 1 (9 decks)

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