Applied anatomy and physiology 1.1c Energy for exercise.

Question 1

Describe a Coupled Reaction.

Answer 1

Where products of one reaction are used in another reaction.

Question 2

Name the three energy systems.

Answer 2

ATP/PC system.
Gycolytic system.
Aerobic system.

Question 3

Anagram to remember energy system information.

Answer 3

Tom. Type of reaction.
Farted. Fuel.
So. Site of reaction.
Enormously. Enzymes.
You. Yield.
Practically. Process.
Puked. By-products formed.

Question 4

Advantages and Disadvantages of ATP/PC system.

Answer 4

Advantages:
No delay for O2.
PC readily available in muscle cells.
Simple and rapid.
Provides quick energy.
no fatiguing by-products.

Disadvantages:
Low ATP yield leads to rapid fatigue after 8-10 seconds.

Question 5

Advantages and Disadvantages of Glycolytic system.

Answer 5

Advantages:
No delay for O2.
Large fuel stores in muscles.
Provides energy for high intensity exercise.
lactic acid can be recycled in pyruvate after for more energy.

Disadvantages:
Fatiguing by-product lactic acid lowers pH and enzyme activity.
Relatively low ATP yield.

Question 6

Advantages and Disadvantages of Aerobic system.

Answer 6

Advantages:
Large fuels used.
Highest ATP yield (38) long duration of energy production.
No fatiguing by products.

Disadvantages:
Delay for oxygen.
Slow energy production meaning caps use at sub maximal intensity exercise.

Question 7

Describe the energy continuum.

Answer 7

The relative contribution of each energy system to overall energy production. At any point all energy systems are being used but one is predominant.

Question 8

Describe intermittent exercise.

Answer 8

Activity where the intensity alternates either in training with work and rest periods or during a game with breaks of play and changes of intensity.

Question 9

Describe VO2 Max.

Answer 9

The maximum volume of oxygen inspired, transported and utilised per minute during exhaustive exercise.

Question 10

Describe Excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC)

Answer 10

The volume of oxygen consumed post exercise to return body to pre-exercise state. Made of two stages:
1. Fast (alactacid) component.
2. Slow (lactacid) component.

Question 11

Describe the Fast Alactacid period of recovery.

Answer 11

First stage up to 3 minutes after exercise:
30s PC stores at 50%.
60s PC stores at 75%.
3 minutes PC at 100%.

Question 12

Describe the lactacid period of recovery,

Answer 12

Second stage 3 minutes to 24 hours after exercise:
Respiratory and heart rate remain elevated to maximise O2 delivery to remove by-products from exercise.

Removal of lactic acid:
50-75% converted back to Pyruvic acid.
10-25% converted back to Glucose.
It can be converted to proteins by Cori cycle.

Question 13

Name the type of reaction the ATP/PC system uses.

Answer 13

Anerobic.

Question 14

Name the fuel used by the ATP/PC system.

Answer 14

Phosphocreatine.

Question 15

Name the site of reaction of the ATP/PC system.

Answer 15

Sarcoplasm.

Question 16

Name the Enzymes and what they do In the ATP/PC system.

Answer 16

Creatine Kinase:
Breaks the bond between the phosphate and creatine releasing energy.

Question 17

State the energy yield of the ATP/PC system.

Answer 17

1:1 yield.

Question 18

Describe the stages of the ATP/PC system.

Answer 18

PC—> P+C+ energy. (Exothermic)
Energy+ ADP+P–> ATP. (Endothermic)

Question 19

Name the by products produced by the ATP/PC system.

Answer 19

None.

Question 20

State the duration of the ATP/PC system.

Answer 20

2-10 seconds.

Question 21

Name the type of reaction the Glycolytic system uses.

Answer 21

Anaerobic.

Question 22

Name the fuel used by the Glycolytic system.

Answer 22

Glycogen/Glucose.

Question 23

Name the site of reaction for the Glycolytic system.

Answer 23

Sarcoplasm.

Question 24

Name the Enzymes and what they do in the Glycolytic system.

Answer 24

Glycogen Phosphorylase:
Turns Glycogen to Glucose.

Phosphofructokinase:
Turns Glucose to Pyruvate.

Lactate dehydrogenase:
Turns Pyruvate into Lactic acid.

Question 25

State the Energy yield of the Glycolytic system.

Answer 25

2:1 yield.

Question 26

Describe the stages of the Glycolytic system.

Answer 26

Glucose undergoes anaerobic glycolysis:
C6H12O6—>2(C3H4O3)+ 2ATP.

Pyruvate converted to lactic acid:
C3H4O3+2NADH—>C3H6O3+2NAD+.

Question 27

Name the by products formed by the Glycolytic system.

Answer 27

Lactic acid.

Question 28

State the duration of the Glycolytic system.

Answer 28

Up to 3 minutes capped by pain and fatigue.

Question 29

Name the type of reaction used by the Aerobic system.

Answer 29

Aerobic.

Question 30

Name the fuel used for the Aerobic system.

Answer 30

Glycogen/Glucose.

Question 31

Name the site of reaction for the Aerobic system.

Answer 31

Stage 1=Sarcoplasm.
Stage 2= Krebs cycle in the matrix.
Stage 3= cristae.

Question 32

Name the Enzymes and what they do in the Aerobic system.

Answer 32

Glycogen Phosphorylase:
Turns Glycogen to Glucose.

Phosphofructokinase:
Turns Glucose to Pyruvate.

Acetyl CoA:
Enzyme at the start of the Krebs cycle.

Question 33

State the energy yield of the Aerobic system.

Answer 33

38:1 yield.

Question 34

Describe the stages of the Aerobic system.

Answer 34

Aerobic glycolysis.
Krebs cycle.
Electron transport chain.

C6H12O6+6O2—> 6CO2+6H2O+Energy.

Question 35

Name the by products formed in the Aerobic system.

Answer 35

CO2+H2O.

Question 36

State the duration of the Aerobic system.

Answer 36

3 Minutes onwards.