Application of Statistical Tools and Methods Flashcards
In addition to waste there is another basic form of problem, what is it?
It is variation.
Variation is the deviation of single data points within a process.
What is a Six Sigma Black Belt?
A Six Sigma Black Belt is a certified Six Sigma Expert, similar to a certified Lean Consultant being an expert for Lean Consulting.
Overall there several Six Sigma qualification levels (highest on top):
- Six Sigma Champion
- Six Sigma Master Black Belt
- Six Sigma Black Belt
- Six Sigma Green Belt
Decisions are based on the maximum and minimum values
Why is the collection of data important?
The main target of collecting data is to make “things” measurable.
- Improvements can be shown based on a your data collection.
- The data collection is done at the beginning on a project.
- You need to show facts and figures.
- Facts and figures you need to collect in your diagnosis phase.
- You need to present your data (numbers and key performance indicators, KPI) as well.
Why is data within a project important?
- It is important to be clear about the KPIs that can measure the success of the project
- The data within the project is important for a good and accepted baseline.
- Improvements can be shown/proved based on collecting of data at the beginning of the project
- Also quantitative and not only qualitative results are visible!
- The quantitative results mostly convince.
With collected data you can?
You can verify the process
… confirm your hypotheses as vaild
or
… reject them as invalid
What is a UCL?
Upper control limit
What is a LCL?
Lower control limit
Why should we combine Lean and Six Sigma-Tools?
Lean Six Sigma connects the implementation speed of Lean with the precision and high sustainability of Six Sigma.
“Lean Six Sigma“ combines the speed, the way of observation and the implementation orientation from Lean and the discipline of this systematic and the statistical analysis tools from Six Sigma.
What is “pure” lean?
Risk that complex problems and underestimated wrong measures are implemented
What is “pure” six sigma?
Risk that complex analysis are used for simple answers or that simple problems were left behind
What is Lean Six Sigma?
connects the implementation speed of Lean with the precision and high sustainability of Six Sigma.
What is the main difference between Lean & 6 Sigma?
The 4 Proofs
Proof of the Gage repeatability and reproducibility
Proof of main effects
Proof of the improvement of the main KPI
Proof of sustainability
Fast and sustainable results are ensured through the 4 Proofs
Lean focuses on analyzing workflow to reduce cycle time and eliminate waste. Lean strives to maximize value to the customer while using a few resources as possible. Six Sigma strives for near perfect results that will reduce costs and achieve higher levels of customer satisfaction.
What are the 4 proofs?
Proof of the Gage R&R (gage repeatability and reproducibility) and of the baseline
-I have to ensure that the measurement is correct, then I can see if there is a problem or not
Proof of main effects
-What is the biggest lever, were is the root cause
Proof of the improvement of the main KPI
-Is the implemented action successful?
Proof of sustainability
-Is it possible to keep this good result?
Lean Six Sigma tools are used to find what?
the strongest lever in our projects and to reach the targets with less efforts and to stabilize the project results.
What is the basis to improve processes?
Process-oriented thinking
What are the differences between Lean and Six Sigma?
Lean
• High implementation speed
• Sustainability needs to be improved
Six Sigma
• Implementation after lenghty analyses
• High sustainability
Six Sigma uses the power of what to collect data in repetitive processes?
Statistics
What does the “central limit theorem“ in mathematics state?
If you collect enough data, the distribution of it, tends to be a normal distribution (bell curve)
this theorem is the foundation and the assumption that every process has the behavior of a bell curve
Six Sigma is generally not used in which cases?
Six Sigma is in general not used in non-repetitive processes, since it is hard to collect the adequate amount of data.
Focusing in the process in terms of Six Sigma means what?
looking at the process mathematically
What Is the Definition of “Sigma“?
The standard deviation sigma (symbol “σ“) is a measure for the distribution of measured values.
It describes the distance from the mean μ to the inflection point of the curve.
If σ is small, what does the bell curve look like?
The curve is narrow, which means the process has low variation and is performing good.
If σ is large, what does the bell curve look like?
The curve is wide spread, which means the process has high variation and is performing bad.
Why are there additional signmas?
With the addition of several Sigmas, we are able to describe the distribution of the data of a process.