Appetite regulation and obesity Lecture reading week/lecture 1

Question 1

link between homeostasis and hunger (Wynne et al., 2005)

Answer 1

• Hypothalamus, brainstem and reward centres use neuropeptides to signal the regulation of energy homeostasis.
  
  • Insulin and hormones synthesised by adipose tissue reflect long term nutritional status of the body and influence these circuits.
  • Circulating gut hormones modulate these pathways and result in appetite stimulation or satiety effects.
  • Loss of homeostatic process may result in obesity

Question 2

link between homeostasis and hunger (Abdalla, 2017)

Answer 2

• Maintenance of a stable body weight determinant in survival.
  
  • Food intake is controlled by the hypothalamus, the brainstem, and endocannabinoids and peripherally by the satiety and adiposity signals

Question 3

Geracioti & Liddle (1988): blunted CCK release in response to a test meal in BN (delayed satiety)
- link to CCK
- Treatment

Answer 3

• BN = bulimia nervosa
  
  • Integrated plasma CCK response to eating and postprandial satiety were significantly impaired in people with bulimia compared with controls.
  • Abnormalities may be improved by treatment with tricyclic antidepressants

Question 4

leptin resistance mice study (2018) - link to obesity

Answer 4

• Destructive mechanism blocks brain from knowing when to stop eating.
  
  • Leptin resistance
  • Mice study
  • This may cause obesity

Question 5

satiation (Le Magnen, 1992)

Answer 5

• Satiation determines meal size
  
  • Food reward has been attributed to satiating actions of nutrients