Appetite regulation and obesity additional reading week/lecture 1

Question 1

maltose link to hunger and satiation in humans (Poothullil, 1992)

Answer 1

• Blood glucose concentration serves as primary signal for induction of hunger sensation in rats.
  
  • Blood glucose is not the primary signal in humans.
  • Disaccharides (lactose, sucrose and maltose) may be responsible for the induction of hunger sensation and satiation in humans.
    ○ From the breakdown of starch in the mouth.
  • At high doses, both glucose and maltose caused significant moderation of hunger.
  • Even at lower doses the effect of maltose was significant.

Question 2

role of the cerebellum in satiation (Sierzputowski et al., 2023)

Answer 2

• Decades of research to suggest hypothalamus is responsible for multiple aspects of appetite.
  
  • Recent neuroimaging studies led researchers to believe cerebellum may serve a function in regulation of appetite and satiation.
  • Inhibitory TMS (transcranial magnetic stimulation) delivered to cerebellar region increased consumption of high fat and calorie foods.
  • Provides research to develop new alternative treatments for those with obesity and other overeating disorders.

Question 3

Secretin modulates appetite via brown adipose tissue-brain axis (Sun et al., 2023)

Answer 3

• Secretin activates brown adipose tissue (BAT) and induces satiation in both mice and humans
  
  • Secretin-induced neurometabolic coupling patterns promote satiation
  • Secretin modulated brain glucose consumption through BAT-brain axis
  • BAT and caudate glucose uptake levels are negatively correlated during secretin but not placebo condition
  • Secretin improved inhibitory control and downregulated brain response to appetizing food images