Appendages of the Skin

Question 1

Types of glands in the appendages of the skin

Answer 1

• cutaneous: sebaceous and sweat
• sweat: (eccrine and apocrine)
• all exocrine

Question 2

Sebaceous glands

Answer 2

• oil glands
• produces sebum: oil substances and fragmented cells
• ducts empty into hair follicles
• contains chemicals that kill bacteria
• keeps skin soft and prevents hair from becoming brittle

Question 3

Eccrine glands

Answer 3

• open via duct to sweat pores on skin’s surface
• produces sweat (water, salts, Vit C, traces of metabolic wastes)
• pH: 4-6
• regulates body temperature

Question 4

Apocrine glands

Answer 4

• confined to axillay and genital areas
• larger than eccrine glands
• ducts empty into hair follicles
• begin to function at puberty
• release sweat that contain fatty acids and proteins (milky-yellow colour)
• odourless, unless infected by bacteria

Question 5

Hair follicles

Answer 5

-has inner epithelial root sheath and outer fibrous sheath
(-usually slanted unless muscles contract from cold or fright, connected by arrector pili)
-produces hair

Question 6

Inner epithelial root sheath

Answer 6

Composed of epithelial Tissue that forms hair

Question 7

Outer fibrous sheath

Answer 7

• dermal connective Tissue
• supplies blood vessels to the epidermal part and reinforces it
• hair papilla provides blood supply to the matrix in the hair bulb

Question 8

Hair

Answer 8

• composition: root (in head) and shaft (projection outside)

- formed by the division of well-nourished stratum basale epithelial cells in the matrix of the hair bulb

Question 9

Melanin

Answer 9

Composed of melanocytes that provide pigment for hair colour

Question 10

Nails

Answer 10

• heavily keratinized scale-like modification of the epidermis
• lack of pigment makes nails colourless
• stratum basale extends beneath the nail bed, which is responsible for growth