Apostolic and Imperial Church Flashcards
1st Punic War
264-241 Rome beats out Carthage by Navy
2nd Punic War
218-201 Hannabillic Elephant wars against carthage
3rd Punic war
149-146 Rome destroys carthage and annexes north africa. sets stage for spread of Christianity
Stoicism
Zeno of Cilium: “logic, physics, ethics” Ascetic perfect indifference
Ebionism
Greek Translit: “poor ones” mentioned by church fathers
Teaching: Universality of Mosaic Law, Gospel of Matthew Only, Jesus a mere man prophet, no virgin birth, millennial
Gnosticism
Unique gnosis, spirit beings, dualistic, rejection of OT judaism, allegorical worship, matter is evil, OT god is demiurge, Christ’s body was an illusion.
Montanism
Ascetic, chiliastic, tongues, orthodox in doctrine, prophetic, sought martyrdom.
Manichaeism
similar to Gnosticism, cosmic conflict between evil and good, religion equals releasing inward divinity through asecticism
Eusebius
260-340; Church became center for manuscription; involved in Arian controversy; wrote “Chronicle”, “Ecclesiastical History” and “The Life of Constantine” ; sources a little sketchy though
clement of Rome
30-100 AD; wrote 1 Clement to Corinthians; earliest Non-canonical
Ignatius
35-107 AD Ministered in Syria/Antioch as bishop, wrote to the following people: Ephesians, Magnesians, Trillions, Romans, Philadelphians, Smyrnaeans, Polycarp
Polycarp
69-160 AD Bishop of Smyrna who assisted Ignatius and influenced Irenaeus; wrote to the philippians; referenced by Irenaeus and Jerome
Papias
60-130 AD; acquainted with John, wrote” Exegesis of the sayings of our Lord” 130 AD, claimed matthew was in aramaic and Mark was written from Peter’s testimony
Hermas
150; Shepherd of Hermas: series of visions
Epistle of Barnabas
Clement of Alexandria claimed Barney wrote it; anit jews h content
2 Clement
Earliest sermon outside of acts; doctrinal and practical in nature
Didache
“The Teaching of the Lord through the 12 apostles” 150 AD, discovered 19th century
Letter to Diognetus
Paganism and Judaism are false; christians are soul of the world,
Trajan
98-117: sporadic persecution. did not seek Christians out: Ignatius and Rufus
Marcus Aurelius
161-180: stoic who philosophically opposed Chrisitianity. blamed christians for natural disasters; justin martyr
Septimus Severus
202-211: Conversion to Christianity forbidden; Leonidas and Irenaeus
Maximinus
235-36: clergy executed; Hippolytus, Ursula
Decius
249-51: 1st empire wide persecution
Valerian
257-60: property confiscated; assembly forbidden; Origen and cyprian
Diocletian Galerius
303-11: Churches destoryed Bibles burned, civil rights of Christians suspended; required sacrifices to gods;
Quadratus
1st of apologist; 124/125 “Apology” now lost, Eusebius was a disciple;
Aristides
Athens philosopher;
Tatian
Rhetorician of Syria; “oration to the Greeks” “Diatesserion” 1st harmony of the Gospels
Athenagoras
2nd century “A plea on behalf of Christians
Justin Martyr
100-165; “Frist apology” (early church liturgy) and “A Dialogue with Trypho the Jew” “Second Apology”
Irenaeus
“Adversus haereses” “ON the unity of God and the Origin of Evil”
Tertullian
“Prescription of Heretics” “Against Marcion” Against Praxes” laid groundwork for trinity
Hippolytus
“Philosophumena”
Cyprian
“unity of the church” “De Lapsis”
Origen
“Hexapla” “Against Celsus” “De Principis” first of great theologians, father leonidas martyred; allegorical ascetic
Paschal letter of 367
represent final acceptance in the East of canon; Athanasius
Synod of Rome 382
Final acceptance of canon in west
Council of Carthage 397
church wide acceptance
Questionable books accepted
Hebrews, James, 2 Peter, 2-3 john, Jude, Revelation
Questionable books rejecte
shepherd of Hermas, dilate, revelation of peter
Novatianism
traditional in theology and liturgy; wanter a church of pure elect
Donatism
caused by clergy handing over sacred books to be burned; Church was pure and lapsed clergy nullified their sacraments
Galerius
an edict of toleration issued on his death bed if Christians were good citizens 311
Edict of Milan 313
Constantine grants Christianity and all religions freedom
Council at Constantinople 381
Christianity becomes state religion
Adoptionism
Jesus became Christ at baptism (dynamic monarchianism) supporters: Paul of Samosata and Theodotus
Sabellianism
God reveals himself in three ways (modalism, Patripassianism)
Arianism
Christ is the first created being; Eusebius led a moderate position; condemned at Nicea and Constantinople
Macedonianism
the Holy Spirit is a created being
Apollinarianism
Christ had no human spirit; the Logos replaced; Condemned at Constantinople by Greg Naz
Netorianism
Christ is the God bearer because of the indwelling logos
Eutychianism
human nature absorbed by the Logos; condemned at Chalcedon 451
Monophysitism
Christ had one nature
Monothelitism
Christ had no human will; he had just one will; settled at Constantinople
Pelgianism
Man is born essentially good and capable of doing what is necessary for salvation
Augustianism
Man is born in sin; salvation is totally of grace; which is given only to elect
Semi-pelagianism
God and man work together for salvation
semi-augustianism
grace comes to all, all are enable dot choose and perform what is necessary for slavation
Athanasius
exiled 5 times; “Life of Anthony” “Against the Heathen on the Incarnation”
three cappadocians
basil, gregory naz, gregory nyssa; championed ομοοσιοσ view of Christ; pattern for monasticism
Nicea
325: Very God of God–one substance with the Father; 1st great ecumenical council; pronounced against arianism and when to have easter
Constantionple
381
Ephesus
431: focused on incarnation; did not resolve whether Christ was a single union out of two natures or single person with two natures
Chalcedon
451; attmept to reconcile divided church but failed; recognized “two natures, unconfusedly, unchangeably, indivisibly, inseparably”
Cyprian
“on the unity of the Church” Novatian Schism 252
Carthage councils
411/646
Augustine
Influenced by Ambrose “Trinity” “City of God”
Jerome
Vulgate; greatest biblical scholar in western church
