APII Final Exam Flashcards
Games, or ________
Sex cells
Gonads produce _______ and _________
hormones; gametes
________ (male gonads): Produce sex cells called sperm
Testes
Testes (male ______): Produce sex cells called sperm
Gonads
Testes (male gonads): Produce sex cells called ______
Sperm
_______ (female gonads): Produce sex cells called ova
(oocytes, eggs)
Ovaries
Ovaries (female _______): Produce sex cells called ova
(oocytes, eggs)
Gonads
Ovaries (female gonads): Produce sex cells called _____
(oocytes, eggs)
Ova
Ovaries (female gonads): Produce sex cells called ova
(_______, _______)
Oocytes; eggs
Sex cells have ___ chromosomes, compared to 46
chromosomes in other body cells
23
Sex cells have 23 chromosomes, compared to __
chromosomes in other body cells
46
When sperm and egg unite at fertilization, genetic
information carried on __ chromosomes is restored
46
Sex cells are produced by a special type of division called
__________
Meiosis
________ consists of 2 successive divisions, the first (meiosis I) and second
(meiosis II) meiotic divisions
Meiosis
Meiosis consists of 2 successive divisions, the first (________) and second
(meiosis II) meiotic divisions
Meiosis I
Meiosis onsists of 2 successive divisions, the first (meiosis I) and second
(________) meiotic divisions
Meiosis II
How many divisions of meiosis are there?
Two
Prior to meiosis, each chromosome _________ and contains 2 DNA
strands, called chromatids, connected by a centromere
Replicates
Prior to meiosis, each chromosome replicates and contains 2 DNA
strands, called ________, connected by a centromere
Chromatids
Meiotic ells are ______, containing 2 sets of chromosomes in 23 pairs
Diploid
Meiosis ___ separates homologous (the same, gene for gene) pairs of
chromosomes
I
Meiosis I separates homologous (the same, gene for gene) pairs of
chromosomes: they might not be ________, because the gene may have variants
Identical
Meiosis I results in _________ cells, which contain 1 set of chromosomes; 23
chromosomes, 1 from each homologous pair
haploid
Meiosis __ separates the chromatids
II
Meiosis II Results in cells that are still _______, but whose chromosomes now have 1
chromatid
Haploid
At end of this stage, each chromatid is considered a chromosome
Meiosis II
What are the four phases of Meiosis I?
Prophase I
Metaphase I
Anaphase I
Telophase I
Pairing of homologous chromosomes
Synapsis
Which phase of meiosis involves synapsis?
Prophase I
During which phase of meiosis I do chromosome pairs line up on midline of the spindle?
Metaphase I
During which phase of meiosis is alignment random, with respect to maternal or paternal origin?
Metaphase I
During which phase of meiosis do homologous chromosome pairs separate, each replicated member migrating to a different pole?
Anaphase I
During which phase of meiosis does each daughter cell receive only 1 replicated member of each chromosome pair; which reduces the chromosome number by half?
Anaphase I
During which phase of meiosis does each cell divide completely, forming 2 new haploid daughter cells?
Telophase I
During which phase of meiosis does each new cell contain 23 individual chromosome with 2 chromatids?
Telophase I
Meiosis II begins after Telophase I, and is similar to _______
Mitosis
Meiosis II begins after __________, and is similar to mitosis
Telophase I
What are the four phases of meiosis II?
Prophase II
Metaphase II
Anaphase II
Telophase II
During which phase of meiosis II do chromosomes condense and reappear, still replicated?
Prophase II
During which phase of meiosis II do replicated chromosomes attach to spindle fibers along the midline?
Metaphase II
During which phase of meiosis II do centromeres separate, and chromatids migrate to opposite poles?
Anaphase II
During which phase of meiosis II are chromatids now considered chromosomes?
Anaphase II
During which phase of Meiosis II do each of 2 cells produced in Meiosis I divide into 2 daughter cells?
Telophase II
Each cell entering meiosis could produce ___ gametes
4
The last phase of meiosis ends with each sex cell having __ set of genetic instructions, or __ chromosomes, compare to 2 sets (46 chromosomes) in other cells
1; 23
