APGOVCH8

Question 1

Federal bureaucracy

Answer 1

thousands of federal government agencies that implement and administer federal laws and programs.

The federal bureaucracy is called the fourth branch of the government.

Question 2

Max Weber

Answer 2

German sociologist who articulated the hierarchical structure and functioning of bureaucracies in complex societies.

Max Weber helped define bureaucracy.

Question 3

spoils system

Answer 3

firing of public-office holders of a defeated political party to replace them with loyalists of the newly elected party.

The spoils system came about during Jacksonian Democracy.

Question 4

Patronage

Answer 4

jobs, grants, or other special favors that are given as rewards to friends and political allies for their support.

The spoils system was a form of patronage.

Question 5

merit system

Answer 5

a system of employment based on qualifications, test scores, and ability.

The merit system replaced the spoils system.

Question 6

Pendleton Act

Answer 6

Reform measure that established the principle of federal employment on the basis on open, competitive exams and created the Civil Service Commission.

The pendleton act is also known as the civil service reform act.

Question 7

Civil Service System

Answer 7

The merit system by which many federal bureaucrats are selected.

The law covers only 10 percent of positions in the civil service system.

Question 8

Sixteenth Amendment

Answer 8

Amendment to the U.S. Constitution that authorized Congress to enact a national income tax.

The SIXTEENTH aMENDMENT AFFECTED THE GROWTH OF THE GOVERNMENT.

Question 9

World War 1

Answer 9

A global military conflict that took place 1914-1918.

The US got involved in World War 1 during 1917.

Question 10

Great Depression

Answer 10

A severe global economic downturn marked by mass unemployment and poverty that began in the US in 1929.

The Great Depression ended in 1935.

Question 11

World War 2

Answer 11

A global military conflict that took place from 1939-1945.

The US got involved in World War 2 during 1941.

Question 12

G.I. Bill

Answer 12

Federal legislation enacted in 1944 that provided college loans for returning veterans and reduced mortgage rates to enable them to buy homes

My father is giving me his GI Bill.

Question 13

Great Society

Answer 13

Reform program that was a broad attempt to combat poverty and discrimination.

Lynbon B Johnson creaTED THE gREAT sOCIETY

Question 14

Department of Homeland Society

Answer 14

Cabinet department created to coordinate domestic security efforts.

The Department of Homeland Society was created after the 9/11 attacks.

Question 15

Cabinet departments

Answer 15

Major administrative units with responsibility for a board area of government operations.

There are 15 different Cabinet departments.

Question 16

independent executive agencies

Answer 16

governmental units that closely resemble a cabinet department but have narrower areas of responsibility and perform services rather than regulatory functions.

iNDEPENDENT executive agencies exist apart from cabinet departments.

Question 17

Independent regulatory commission

Answer 17

AN ENTITY BY cONGRESS OUTSIDE A MAJOR EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT that regulates a specified interest or economic activity.

Independent regulatory commissions also exist outside of major departments.

Question 18

government corporations

Answer 18

businesses that established by congress to perform functions that private businesses could provide.

Government corporations date as early as 1930.

Question 19

Hatch Act

Answer 19

the 1939 act to prohibit civil servants from taking activist roles in partisan campaigns.

The hatch act is also known as the political activities act.

Question 20

implementation

Answer 20

process by which a law is put into operation

how agencies execute congressional wishes is by implementation.

Question 21

iron triangles

Answer 21

the relationship and pattern of interaction that occur among agencies.

Political scientists have investigated iron triangles.

Question 22

issue networks

Answer 22

informal relationships that exist among a large number of actors who work in broad policy areas.

Issue networks affect bureaucracies.

Question 23

interagency councils

Answer 23

working groups created to facilitate coordination of policy making and implementation across a host of governmental agencies.

Interagency councils are alliances within bureaucracies.

Question 24

policy coordinating committee

Answer 24

committees created at sub-cabinet level to facilitate interactions between agencies and departments to handle complex policy problems.

Presidential administrations have set up policy coordinating committee.

Question 25

administrative discretion

Answer 25

ability of bureaucrats to make choices concerning the best way to implement congressional or executive intentions

Administrative discretion gives decision makers tremendous amount of leeway.

Question 26

rule making

Answer 26

legislative process resulting in regulations that have the characteristics of a legislature act

Rule making is the most important function of government

Question 27

Regulations

Answer 27

rules governing the operation of all government programs that have the force of law

Rule making results in regulations

Question 28

Federal Register

Answer 28

The official journal of the US government, including all federal rules and public notices so that citizens can follow proposed changes and comply with rule changes

Rule making proceedings must be published in Federal Register

Question 29

Administrative Adjudication

Answer 29

process in which a bureaucratic agency settles disputes between two parties similar to the way courts settle disputes

Administrative adjudication forces compliance.