APGOVCH6.BRIANNANORIEGA Flashcards
Bicameral Legislature
A two-house legislation
Our government is a bicameral legislature.
Apportionment
The process of allowing congressional seats to each state according to its proportion of the population, following the decennial census.
After each census, the apportionment shifts.
Bill
Proposed law
No bill can become a law without consent from both houses.
Impeachment
The power delegated to the House of Representatives in the Constitution to charge civil officers with high crimes and misdemeanors. This is the first step in the constitutional process of removing government officials from office.
They are trying to impeach Donald Trump.
Edmund Burke
Conservative British political philosopher who started view that elected representatives should act as trustees ad use their best judgement when voting.
Edmund Burke was in British Parliament.
Trustee
Role played by an elected representative who listens to constituents opinions and uses their best judgement to make final decision.
A representative should be a trustee, according to Burke.
Delegate
Role played by a representative who votes the way their constituents would want regardless of personal opinions.
Representatives should also be delegates.
Politico
An elected representative who acts as a trustee or delegate, depending on the issue.
A their theory of representation is politico.
Incumbency
Already holding office
Incumbency helps members stay in office.
Redistricting
Process of redrawing congressional districts to reflect increases or decreases in seats allotted to the states.
Redistricting is a large political process.
Gerrymandering
The drawing of congressional districts to produce a particular electoral outcome.
Redistricting often includes gerrymandering.
Majority Party
The political party in each house of Congress with the most members.
Democrats are the majority party in the House.
Minority party
The political party in each house of Congress with the least members.
Republicans are the minority party in the House.
Party caucus
A formal gathering of all party members.
At the beginning of each new Congress, a party caucus is held.
Speaker of the House
The only officer of the HOP mentioned in Constitution. Chamber’s most powerful position, usually member of majority party.
The House elects the Speaker of the House.
Majority Leader
Head of the party controlling the Mose seats in the house
The majority leader is second to the Speaker of the House.
Minority Leader
Head of party controlling least seats in the house.
The minority leader is the counterpart to the majority leader.
Whip
Party leader who keeps close contact with all members their party and takes votes on legislation.
Whips are elected in caucuses.
President Pro tempore
official chair of house of senate
The pro tem is selected by the majority party
Standing Committee
proposed bills are referred
Standing Committees continue from one congress to the next
Joint committees
standing committees that include members from both chambers
joint committees focus public attention on major matters
Conference committee
special joint committee created to reconcile differences
Conference committees are compromised of members from both chambers
Select committee
temporary committee for a special purposw
Select committees are temporary
Hilary Clinton
First femLE MAJOR PARTY CANDIDATE FOR PRESIDENT.
Hilary Clinton is Bill Clinton’s wife
hoUSE OF Committee on Rules
determines scheduling and conditions for bills in the House
the Rules Committee is not for Senate
Discharge petition
gives majority of house authority to bring an issue to the floor
A discharged petition needs to be signed by a majority.
Seniority
Time of continuous service on a committee
Committee chairs are no longer selected by seniority.
markup
committee members offer changes to a bill
Bill often go through a markup
Committee of the Whole
procedure that allows the house to deliberate on a bill
The house may choose to form a committee of the whole
hold
procedure in which a senate asks to be informed before a bill is bought to the floor
Holds may signal an objection to a bill
Filibuster
a formal way of halting senate action on a bill\
A filibuster can be a long speech
Cloture
Mechanism requiring the vote of sixty senators to cut off debate
Clotures can end a filibuster.
vETO
Authority of president to reject bills passed by Congress
Presidents are allowed to veto bills
Pocket Veto
bill considered a veto without president’s signature
Pocket vetoes occurs when congress is adjourned for ten days.
Richard Nixon
37th president who was a rEPUBLICAN
rICHARD nixon was almost impeached
Congressional budget act of 1974
act that established congressional budgetary process
the congressional budget act of 1974 layer out a plan for congressional action
rECONCILIATION
Procedure that allows consideration of controversial issues affecting the budgets
reconciliation involves a limit of debate
Pork
legislation that allows representatives to bring money and jobs to their district
Pork can be in the form of public works programs
Programmatic requests
Federal funds designated for special projects
Programmatic requests are also referred to as earmarks.
divided government
political condition in which different political parties control presidency and at least one house
Right now we are in a divided government
War Powers Resolution
president is limited n deployment of troops to sixty days
War Powers Resolution rehires Congressional permission
Congressional Review
congress can nullify agency regulations within a sixty day window by passing a legislation of joint disapproval
Congressional Review needs presidential permission
Senatorial Authority
presidents allow senators to block a nomination by registering their objection
senatorial authority is applied in federal district court appointments.
Unified government
same political party controls presidency and congress
we are not in a unified government
logrolling
vote trading
logrolling occurs when issues are of little interests
congressional research service
provides information, studies, and research in support of congress
help for members comes from the congressional research servce
government accountability office
audits financial expenses of executive branch
the government accountability office was established in 1921.
congressional budget office
provides congress with evaluations on potential economic affect of proposed spending policies
the congressional budget office was established in 1974
