APGOVCH12.BRIANNANORIEGA

Question 1

Thomas Jefferson

Answer 1

Principle drafter of the Declaration of Independence; second Vice President of the United States; third president of the United States from 1801 to 1809, Co-founder of the Democratic-Republican Party.

Question 2

Donald J. Trump

Answer 2

The forty-fifth president, a Republican, elected in 2016; first president without prior political or military experience; an experienced businessmen.

Question 3

Hillary Clinton

Answer 3

First female major party candidate for president of the United States, a Democrat, who ran against President Donald J. Trump in 2016. Secretary of State from 2009 to 2013; New York senator 2001 to 2009; former First Lady.

Question 4

Electorate

Answer 4

The citizens eligible to vote.

Question 5

Mandate

Answer 5

A command, indicated by an electorate’s votes, for the elected officials to carry out a party platform or policy agenda.

Question 6

Primary Election

Answer 6

Election in which voters decide which of the candidates within a party will represent the party in the general election.

Question 7

Closed Primary

Answer 7

A primary election in which only a party’s registered voters eligible to cast a ballot.

Question 8

Open Primary

Answer 8

A primary election in which party members, independents, and sometimes members of the other party are allowed to participate.

Question 9

Crossover Voting

Answer 9

Participation in the primary election of a party with which the voter is not affiliated.

Question 10

Runoff Primary

Answer 10

A second primary election between the two candidates receiving the greatest number of votes in the first primary.

Question 11

General Election

Answer 11

Election in which voters decide which candidates will actually fill elective public offices.

Question 12

Initiative

Answer 12

An election that allows citizens to propose legislation or state constitutional amendments by submitting them to the electorate for popular vote.

Question 13

Referendum

Answer 13

An election whereby the state legislature submits proposed legislation or state constitutional amendments to the voters for approval.

Question 14

Recall

Answer 14

An election in which voters can remove an incumbent from office prior to the next scheduled election.

Question 15

Electoral College

Answer 15

Representatives of each state who cast the final ballots that actually elect a president.

Question 16

Elector

Answer 16

Member of the Electoral College.

Question 17

Reapportionment

Answer 17

The reallocation of the number of seats in the House of Representatives after each decennial census.

Question 18

Incumbancy

Answer 18

Already holding an office.

Question 19

Presidential Coattails

Answer 19

When successful presidential candidates carry into office congressional candidates of the same party in the year of their election.

Question 20

Barack Obama

Answer 20

The first African-American president of the United States; a Democrat, who served as forty-fourth president from 2009 to 2017; Senator from Illinois from 2005 to 2008; member of the Illinois Senate from 1997 to 2004.

Question 21

Campaign Manager

Answer 21

The individual who travels with the candidate and coordinates the campaign.

Question 22

Finance Chair

Answer 22

The individual who coordinates the financial business of the campaign.

Question 23

Communications Director

Answer 23

The person who develops the overall media strategy for the candidate.

Question 24

Press Secretary

Answer 24

The individual charged with interacting and communicating with journalists on a daily basis.

Question 25

Campaign Consultant

Answer 25

A private-sector professional who sells to a candidate the technologies, services, and strategies required to get that candidate elected.

Question 26

Pollster

Answer 26

A campaign consultant who conducts public opinion surveys.

Question 27

Voter canvass

Answer 27

The process by which a campaign reaches individual voters, either by door-to-door solicitation or by telephone.

Question 28

Get-out-the-vote (GOTV)

Answer 28

A push at the end of a political campaign to encourage supporters to go to the polls.

Question 29

Bernie Sanders

Answer 29

Longest serving independent in the United States Congress. Ran against Hillary Clinton in the 2016 Democratic presidential primary; Senator from Vermont since 2007; first elected to the House of Representatives in 1991.

Question 30

Positive Ad

Answer 30

Advertising on behalf of a candidate that stresses the candidate’s qualifications, family, and issue positions, with no direct reference to the opponent.

Question 31

Negative Ad

Answer 31

Advertising on behalf of a candidate that attacks the opponent’s character or platform.

Question 32

Contrast Ad

Answer 32

Ad compares the records and proposals of the candidates, with a bias toward the candidate sponsoring the ad.

Question 33

Inoculation Ad

Answer 33

Advertising that attempts to counteract an anticipated attack from the opposition before the attack is launched.

Question 34

Federal Election Campaign Act (FECA)

Answer 34

Passed in 1971, this is the primary law that regulates political campaign spending and fundraising. The law originally focused on increased disclosure of contributions for federal campaigns.

Question 35

Federal Election Commission (FEC)

Answer 35

An independent regulatory agency founded in 1975 by the United States Congress to regulate the campaign finance legislation in the United States.

Question 36

Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act (BCRA)

Answer 36

Passed in 2002, this act amended the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 with several provisions designed to end of the use of nonfederal , or “soft money” (money raised outside the limits and prohibitions of federal campaign finance law) for activity affecting federal elections.

Question 37

Citizens United v FEC

Answer 37

The 2010 Supreme Court case that enabled corporations and unions have the same political speech rights as individuals under the First Amendment. As part of this ruling, the Supreme Court found that the government may not prohibit corporations or unions from using their general treasury funds to support or denounce political candidates in elections.

Question 38

McCutcheon v FEC

Answer 38

The 2014 Supreme Court ruling that declared Section 441 of the Federal Election Campaign Act (FECA) unconstitutional. Section 441 imposed limits on any individual’s total political contributions (to federal candidates, parties, or political action committees) in a two-year period.

Question 39

Political Action Committee (PAC)

Answer 39

Officially recognized fund-raising organized that represent interest groups and are allowed by federal law to make contributions directly to candidate’s campaigns.

Question 40

527 Political Committee

Answer 40

Organizations created with the primary purpose of influencing electoral outcomes; the term is typically applied only to freestanding interest group that do not explicitly advocate for the election of a candidate.

Question 41

501 (c) Group

Answer 41

Interest Groups whose primary purpose is not electoral political.

Question 42

Super PAC

Answer 42

Political action committees established to make independent expenditures.

Question 43

Independent Expenditures

Answer 43

Spending for Campaign activity that is not connected with a candidate’s campaign.

Question 44

Public Funds

Answer 44

Donations from general tax revenues to the campaigns of qualifying presidential candidates.

Question 45

Matching Funds

Answer 45

Donations to presidential campaigns whereby every dollar raised from individuals in amounts less than $251 is match by the federal treasury.

Question 46

Convention Political Participation

Answer 46

Activism that attempts to influence the political parties through commonly accepted forms of persuasion such as voting or letter writing.

Question 47

Unconventional Political Participation

Answer 47

Activism that attempts to influence the political process through unusual or extreme measures, such as protests, boycotts, and picketing.

Question 48

Turnout

Answer 48

The proportion of the voting-age public that casts a ballot.

Question 49

Retrospective Judgement

Answer 49

A voter’s evaluation of a candidate based on past performances on a particular issue.

Question 50

Prospective Judgement

Answer 50

A voter’s evaluation of a candidate based on what he or she pledges to do about an issue if elected.

Question 51

Front-loading

Answer 51

The tendency of states to choose an early date on the nomination calendar.

Question 52

Help America Vote Act (HAVA)

Answer 52

A federal law passed in 2002 that addresses issues of voting systems and voter access that were identified following the 2000 election. It established minimum election administration standards for states and units of local government with responsibility for the administration of federal elections and for other purposes related to the bill.

Question 53

Mid-term election

Answer 53

An elect0in that takes place in the middle of a presidential term.