ap gov ch 4

Question 1

The cROWN V. Zenger

Answer 1

legal case considered to be a precursor to free press provisions in the Constitution.

Question 2

Civil liberties

Answer 2

the personal grantees and freedoms that the government cannot abridge by law, constitution, or judicial interpretation.

Question 3

Civil rights

Answer 3

the government protected rights of individuals against arbitrary or discriminatory treatment by governments or individuals.

Question 4

Bill of rights

Answer 4

the first ten amendments to the U.S Constitution which largely guarantee specific rights and liberties

Question 5

Ninth Amendment

Answer 5

part of the bill of rights that makes it clear that enumerating rights in the Constitution or Bill of Rights does not mean that others do not exist.

Question 6

Tenth Amendment

Answer 6

The final part of the bill of rights that defines the basic principle of American federalism in stating that the powers not delegated to the national government are reserved to the states or to the people

Question 7

Fourteenth Amendment

Answer 7

one of three major amendments enacted after the civil war, extending equal protection of the law to all citizens

Question 8

due process clause

Answer 8

clause contained in the fifth and fourteenth amendments and is construed to gurantee a variety of rights to individuals

Question 9

substantive due process

Answer 9

judicial interpretation of the fifth and fourteenth amendments’ due process clauses. protects citizens from arbitrary or unjust federal/state laws.

Question 10

sedition laws

Answer 10

laws that make it illegal to speak or write any political criticism that threaten to diminish respect for the government, its laws, or public officials. Overturned as a result of the Gitlow Supreme Court decision.

Question 11

Gitlow v New York

Answer 11

A Supreme Court case that extended the First Amendment’s protections of freedom of speech and of the press to the state governments

Question 12

incorporation doctrine

Answer 12

an interpretation of the Constitution holding that the due process clause of the fourteenth amendment requires state and local governments to guarantee rights stated in the bill of rights

Question 13

selective incorporation

Answer 13

a judicial doctrine whereby most protections found in the Bill of Rights are made applicable to the states via the Fourteenth Amendment

Question 14

fundamental freedoms

Answer 14

those rights defined by the cOURT AS ESSENTIAL TO ORDER, LIBERTY, AND JUSTICE AND THEREFORE ENTITLED TO THE HIGHEST STANDARD OF REVIEW.

Question 15

Warren Court

Answer 15

the period in Supreme Court history during which Earl Warren served as Chief Justice 1953-1969

Question 16

Earl Warren

Answer 16

The 14th Chief Justice of the US

Question 17

First Amendment

Answer 17

part of the Bill of Rights that imposes a number of restrictions on the federal government with respect to civil liberties.

Question 18

establishment clause

Answer 18

the first clause of the First Amendment that directs the government not to sanction an official religion

Question 19

free exercise clause

Answer 19

second clause of the first amendment that prohibits the US government from interfering with a right to practice religion

Question 20

lemon test

Answer 20

three part test created by the Supreme Court for examining the constitutionality of religious establishment issues.

Question 21

prior restraint

Answer 21

constitutional doctrine that prevents the government from prohibiting speech or publication before the fact

Question 22

alien and sedition acts

Answer 22

laws passed in 1798 that allowed the imprisonment and deportation of aliens considered dangerous and criminalized false statements against the government

Question 23

abolitionist

Answer 23

a supporter of an end to the institution of slavery

Question 24

Abraham Lincoln

Answer 24

sixteenth president of the US,led the Union during the Civil War

Question 25

Espionage Act

Answer 25

1917 law that prohibited urging resistance to the draft or distributing anti-war leaflets

Question 26

clear and present danger test

Answer 26

test articulated by the Supreme Court in Schenck v US to draw the line between protected and unprotected speech.

Question 27

direct incitement test

Answer 27

test articulated by Supreme Court in Brandenburg V Ohio holding that the First Amendment protects advocacy of illegal action unless imminent lawless action is intended and likely to occur

Question 28

New York Times CO v US

Answer 28

the case in which Supreme Court ruled that the US Government could not Blok the publication of secret Department of dEFENSE DOCUMENTS ILLEGALLY furnished to the Times by anti-war activists.

Question 29

symbolic speech

Answer 29

symbols, signs, and the methods of expression generally considered to be protected by the First Amendment

Question 30

hate speech

Answer 30

communication that belittles a person or group o the basis of race, gender, ethnicity or other characteristics

Question 31

Occupy Wall Street

Answer 31

a recent social movement that promotes protests and political activism against income inequality and corporate greed

Question 32

bLACK Lives Matter

Answer 32

a recent social movement focused on direct protest and political activism against police brutality, mass incarceration, and related offenses against African Americans

Question 33

libel

Answer 33

false written statements that defames a person's character

Question 34

slander

Answer 34

untrue spoken statements that defame the character of a persob

Question 35

nEW Yor Times Co v Sullivan

Answer 35

case in which Supreme Court concluded that actual malice must ne proven to support a finding of libel against a public figure

Question 36

fighting words

Answer 36

words that inflict injury or tend to incite an immediate breach of peace

Question 37

Miller v CA

Answer 37

Supreme Court case that created the Miller test to determine when sexually-explicit expression was obscene and beyond protection of First Amendment

Question 38

DeJonge v Oregon

Answer 38

Supreme Court case that applied the First Amendment's protections of freedoms of assembly to the states.

Question 39

18th Amendment

Answer 39

a 1913 amendment that created the nationwide prohibition on alcoholic beverages

Question 40

writs of habeas corpus

Answer 40

petition requesting that a judge order authorities to prove that a prisoner is being held lawfully and that allows the prisoner to be freed if the government's case does not persuade the judge

Question 41

ex post facto

Answer 41

law that makes an act punishable as a crime even if the action was legal at the time it was committed

Question 42

bill of attainder

Answer 42

a law declaring an act illegal without a judicial trial

Question 43

due process rights

Answer 43

protections drawn from the fourth amendment and bill of rights. may be procedural, ensuring fair treatment, or protecting fundamental rights

Question 44

fourth amendment

Answer 44

part of bill of rights that protects people from unreasonably searches and seizures of their persons, houses, papers, and effect without a warrant from judge

Question 45

fifth amendment

Answer 45

part of bill of rights that imposes a number of restrictions on the federal government with respect to the rights of person suspected of committing a crime

Question 46

grand jury

Answer 46

a group of citizens charged with determining whether enough evidence exists for a case to go to trial

Question 47

Miranda v Arizona

Answer 47

Supreme Court ruling that holds that the fifth amendment requires individuals arrested for. crime to be advised of their rights

Question 48

Miranda rights

Answer 48

statements required of police that inform a suspect of their constitutional rights protected by the fifth amendment

Question 49

Burger Court

Answer 49

The period in Supreme Court history in whichWarren burger served as Chief Justice 1969-1986

Question 50

double jeopardy clause

Answer 50

part of the fifth amendment that protects individuals from being tried twice for the same offense in the same jurisdiction

Question 51

exclusionary rule

Answer 51

judicially created rule that prohibited police from using illegally seized evidence at trial

Question 52

sixth amendment

Answer 52

part of the bill of rights that sets out the basic requirements of procedural due process for federal courts to follow ar criminal trials

Question 53

capital cases

Answer 53

court cases in which a conviction may result in the application of the death penalty

Question 54

8th amendment

Answer 54

mo cruel or unusual punishments

Question 55

right to privacy

Answer 55

right to be left alone, a judicially created principle encompassing a variety of individual actions protected by the penumbras cast by several amendments.

Question 56

Roe v Wade

Answer 56

Supreme Court found that a woman's right to an abortion was protected by the right to privacy that could be implied from scenic gurantees

Question 57

pLANNED parenthood v Casey

Answer 57

Supreme Court's decision in this abortion case replaced the strict scrutiny standard of Roe

Question 58

undue burden test

Answer 58

a standard set by the supreme court in the Casey case that narrowed Roe v WADE and allowed for grater regulation of abortion by the states

Question 59

Whole Womand's health v hellerstedt

Answer 59

Supreme Court abortion ruling that struck down state law provisions in tEXAS AS PRESENTING AN UNDUE BURDEN ON WOMEN SEEKING ABORTIONS

Question 60

September 11th

Answer 60

a terrorist plot on September 11 2001 that used hijakced civilian aircraft to attack the World Trade Center