APGOVCH5.Cecilia.Martinez

Question 1

Abolitionist

Answer 1

a person who favors the abolition of a practice or institution, especially capital punishment or (formerly) slavery.

Question 2

Affirmative action

Answer 2

(in the context of the allocation of resources or employment) the practice or policy of favoring individuals belonging to groups known to have been discriminated against previously.

Question 3

Americans with disabilities act

Answer 3

is federal legislation passed in 1990 that prohibits discrimination against people with disabilities.

Question 4

Brown v. Board of education

Answer 4

was a landmark decision of the U.S. Supreme Court in which the Court ruled that American state laws establishing racial segregation in public schools are unconstitutional, even if the segregated schools are otherwise equal in quality.

Question 5

Cesar Chavez

Answer 5

was an American labor leader and civil rights activist who, with Dolores Huerta, co-founded the National Farm Workers Association in 1962.

Question 6

civil rights

Answer 6

a class of rights that protect individuals’ freedom from infringement by governments, social organizations, and private individuals.

Question 7

Chinese exclusion act

Answer 7

was a United States federal law signed by President Chester A. Arthur on May 6, 1882, prohibiting all immigration of Chinese laborers.

Question 8

civil rights act of 1875

Answer 8

was a United States federal law enacted during the Reconstruction era in response to civil rights violations against African Americans, “to protect all citizens in their civil and legal rights”, giving them equal treatment

Question 9

civil rights act of 1964

Answer 9

is a landmark civil rights and labor law in the United States that outlaws discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. It prohibits unequal application of voter registration requirements, and racial segregation in schools, employment, and public accommodations.

Question 10

Dolores Scott v. Sandford

Answer 10

was the most important slavery-related decision in the United States Supreme Court’s history.The Missouri Compromise was an agreement passed in 1820 between the pro- and anti-slavery factions in Congress, primarily addressing the regulation of slavery in the Western Territories.

Question 11

Dwight D. Eisenhower

Answer 11

was an American army general and statesman who served as the 34th president of the United States from 1953 to 1961.

Question 12

Eleanor Roosevelt

Answer 12

was an American political figure, diplomat and activist. She served as the First Lady of the United States from March 4, 1933 to April 12, 1945 during her husband President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s four terms in office.

Question 13

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Answer 13

was an American suffragist, social activist, abolitionist, and leading figure of the early women’s rights movement.

Question 14

Emancipation proclamation

Answer 14

was a presidential proclamation and executive order issued by United States President Abraham Lincoln on January 1, 1863. It changed the federal legal status of more than 3.5 million enslaved African Americans in the designated areas of the South from slave to free.

Question 15

Equal pay act of 1963

Answer 15

is a United States labor law amending the Fair Labor Standards Act, aimed at abolishing wage disparity based on sex

Question 16

equal protection clause

Answer 16

is a clause within the text of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution.

Question 17

Dolores Huerta

Answer 17

is an American labor leader and civil rights activist who, with Cesar Chavez, is a co-founder of the National Farm workers Association, which later became the United Farm Workers.

Question 18

Equal Rights Amendment

Answer 18

a proposed amendment to the US Constitution stating that civil rights may not be denied on the basis of one’s sex.

Question 19

Fifteenth amendment

Answer 19

The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.

Question 20

fourteenth amendment

Answer 20

The Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution was adopted on July 9, 1868, as one of the Reconstruction Amendments.

Question 21

Frederick Douglass

Answer 21

was an American social reformer, abolitionist, orator, writer, and statesman.

Question 22

grandfather clause

Answer 22

a clause exempting certain classes of people or things from the requirements of a piece of legislation affecting their previous rights, privileges, or practices.

Question 23

Harriet Tubman

Answer 23

an American abolitionist and political activist. Born into slavery, Tubman escaped and subsequently made some thirteen missions to rescue approximately seventy enslaved people, family and friends, using the network of antislavery activists and safe houses known as the Underground Railroad.

Question 24

Harry S. Truman

Answer 24

was the 33rd president of the United States from 1945 to 1953, succeeding upon the death of Franklin D. Roosevelt after serving as vice president.

Question 25

intermediate standard of review

Answer 25

the higher standard of review that requires narrowly tailored and least restrictive means to further a compelling governmental interest, and “rational basis review”

Question 26

Jim crow laws

Answer 26

were state and local laws that enforced racial segregation in the Southern United States. All were enacted in the late 19th and early 20th centuries by white Democratic-dominated state legislatures after the Reconstruction period.

Question 27

John F. Kennedy

Answer 27

commonly referred to by his initials JFK, was an American politician and journalist who served as the 35th president of the United States from January 1961 until his assassination in November 1963.

Question 28

Korematsu V. U.S

Answer 28

was a landmark United States Supreme Court case concerning the constitutionality of Executive Order 9066, which ordered Japanese Americans into internment camps during World War II regardless of their citizenship.

Question 29

Lawrence v. Texas

Answer 29

is a landmark civil rights case by the United States Supreme Court. The Court struck down the sodomy law in Texas in a 6–3 decision and, by extension, invalidated sodomy laws in 13 other states, making same-sex sexual activity legal in every U.S. state and territory.

Question 30

League of united latin american citizens

Answer 30

is the oldest surviving Latino civil rights organization in the U.S. It was established on February 17, 1929, in Corpus Christi, Texas, largely by Hispanic veterans of World War I who sought to end ethnic discrimination against Latinos in the United States.

Question 31

LGBT community

Answer 31

also referred to as the gay community, is a loosely defined grouping of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, LGBT organizations, and subcultures, united by a common culture and social movements.

Question 32

Lucretia Mott

Answer 32

abolitionist, women’s rights activist, and social reformer. She had formed the idea of reforming the position of women in society when she was amongst the women excluded from the World Anti-Slavery Convention in 1840.

Question 33

Martin Luther king jr.

Answer 33

was an American Baptist minister and activist who became the most visible spokesperson and leader in the civil rights movement from 1955 until his assassination in 1968.

Question 34

Mexican American Legal defense and educational fund

Answer 34

is a national non-profit civil rights organization formed in 1968 to protect the rights of Latinos in the United States.

Question 35

National American women suffrage association

Answer 35

was an organization formed on February 18, 1890 to advocate in favor of women’s suffrage in the United States.

Question 36

National association for the advancement of colored people

Answer 36

is a civil rights organization in the United States, formed in 1909 as a bi-racial endeavor to advance justice for African Americans by a group including W. E. B. Du Bois, Mary White Ovington and Moorfield Storey.

Question 37

NAACP legal defense and educational fund

Answer 37

is a leading United States civil rights organization and law firm based in New York City.

Question 38

National organization for women

Answer 38

is an American feminist organization founded in 1966. The organization consists of 550 chapters in all 50 U.S. states and in Washington, D.C

Question 39

National women’s party

Answer 39

is an American women’s political organization formed in 1916 to fight for women’s suffrage.

Question 40

Nineteenth amendment

Answer 40

prohibits the states and the federal government from denying the right to vote to citizens of the United States on the basis of sex.

Question 41

Obergefell v. Hodges

Answer 41

is a landmark civil rights case in which the Supreme Court of the United States ruled that the fundamental right to marry is guaranteed to same-sex couples by both the Due Process Clause and the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution.

Question 42

Plessy v. Ferguson

Answer 42

was a landmark decision of the U.S. Supreme Court issued in 1896. It upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation laws for public facilities as long as the segregated facilities were equal in quality – a doctrine that came to be known as “separate but equal”.

Question 43

poll tax

Answer 43

is a tax levied as a fixed sum on every liable individual. Head taxes were important sources of revenue for many governments from ancient times until the 19th century.

Question 44

progressive era

Answer 44

was a period of widespread social activism and political reform across the United States that spanned from the 1890s to the 1920s.

Question 45

rational basis standard of review

Answer 45

is the normal standard of review that courts apply when considering constitutional questions, including due process or equal protection questions under the Fifth Amendment or Fourteenth Amendment.

Question 46

Rosa parks

Answer 46

was an American activist in the civil rights movement best known for her pivotal role in the Montgomery bus boycott.

Question 47

Seneca falls convention

Answer 47

the first women’s rights convention. It advertised itself as “a convention to discuss the social, civil, and religious condition and rights of woman”. Held in Seneca Falls, New York, it spanned two days over July 19–20, 1848.

Question 48

separate but equal doctrine

Answer 48

was a legal doctrine in United States constitutional law according to which racial segregation did not violate the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which guaranteed “equal protection” under the law to all people.

Question 49

standards of review

Answer 49

is the amount of deference given by one court (or some other appellate tribunal) in reviewing a decision of a lower court or tribunal.

Question 50

strict scrutiny

Answer 50

is a form of judicial review that courts use to determine the constitutionality of certain laws.

Question 51

Suffrage movement

Answer 51

granted American women the right to vote, a right known as women’s suffrage, and was ratified on August 18, 1920, ending almost a century of protest.

Question 52

Susan B. Anthony

Answer 52

was an American social reformer and women’s rights activist who played a pivotal role in the women’s suffrage movement. Born into a Quaker family committed to social equality, she collected anti-slavery petitions at the age of 17.

Question 53

Suspect classifications

Answer 53

refers to a characteristic used in applying a law, which a court will review subject to a strict scrutiny standard.

Question 54

Thirteenth amendment

Answer 54

In Congress, it was passed by the Senate on April 8, 1864, and by the House on January 31, 1865. The amendment was ratified by the required number of states on December 6, 1865.

Question 55

Title IX

Answer 55

is a federal civil rights law in the United States of America that was passed as part of the Education Amendments of 1972

Question 56

Thurgood Marshall

Answer 56

was an American lawyer, serving as Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from October 1967 until October 1991.

Question 57

United States v. Windsor

Answer 57

is a landmark civil rights case in which the United States Supreme Court held that restricting U.S. federal interpretation of “marriage” and “spouse” to apply