APGOVCH.2.Cecilia.Martinez

Question 1

Alexander Hamilton

Answer 1

Was an American statesman and one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. He was an influential interpreter and promoter of the U.S. Constitution, as well as the founder of the nation’s financial system, the Federalist Party.

Question 2

Anti-Federalists

Answer 2

Individuals who opposed ratification of the Constitution

Question 3

Article 1 (The legislature branch)

Answer 3

The U.S. Congress makes the laws for the United States. Congress has two parts, called “Houses,” the House of Representatives and the Senate.

Question 4

Article 2: Executive Branch

Answer 4

The President, Vice-President, Cabinet, and Departments under the Cabinet Secretaries carry out the laws made by Congress.

Question 5

Article 3: Judicial Branch

Answer 5

The Supreme Court decides court cases according to US Constitution. The courts under the Supreme Court decide criminal and civil court cases according to the correct federal, state, and local laws.

Question 6

Article 4: States’ powers

Answer 6

States have the power to make and carry out their own laws.

Question 7

Article 5: Amendments

Answer 7

The Constitution can be changed. New amendments can be added to the US Constitution.

Question 8

Article 6: Federal powers

Answer 8

The Constitution and federal laws are higher than state and local laws. All laws must agree with the US Constitution.

Question 9

Articles of Confederation

Answer 9

The first United States Constitution. Did not set up federal government or grant power to regulate taxation or commerce.

Question 10

Benjamin Franklin

Answer 10

Benjamin Franklin helped draft the Declaration of Independence and the U.S. Constitution.

Question 11

Bill of rights

Answer 11

A statement of fundamental rights and privileges especially the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution.

Question 12

Checks and Balances

Answer 12

A system that allows each branch of government to limit the powers of the other branches in order to prevent abuse of power

Question 13

Common Sense

Answer 13

Written by Thomas Paine. An argument for the independent United States.

Question 14

Constitution

Answer 14

The government of the United States. A set of principles (guidelines) that describe the duties and powers of the government.

Question 15

Constitutional Convention

Answer 15

A meeting of 55 delegates from 12 colonies in Philadelphia in 1787 who created the U.S. Constitution.

Question 16

Crispus Attucks

Answer 16

First colonist to be killed during the Boston massacre

Question 17

Critical Period

Answer 17

Refers to the 1780s, a time right after the American Revolution where the future of the newly formed nation was in the balance.

Question 18

Declaration of Independence

Answer 18

The document approved by representatives of the American colonies in 1776 that stated their grievances against the British monarch and declared their independence. Link to: Locke’s natural rights.

Question 19

Electoral College

Answer 19

A body of individuals which elect the President and Vice President of the United States. The Constitution created this body, which consists of gatherings of state electors in each state to formally cast their ballots for a candidate for whom they have pledged to vote.

Question 20

Enumerated Powers

Answer 20

Specific powers granted to congress under Article I, section 8, of the constitution; these powers include taxation, coinage of money, regulation of commerce, and the authority to provide for a national defense.

Question 21

Federalism

Answer 21

A system of government in which a written constitution divides power between a central, or national, government

Question 22

Federalists

Answer 22

Supporters of the constitution during the debate over its ratification; favored a strong national government.

Question 23

The federalist’s papers

Answer 23

Essays published in New York newspapers over course of 2 years (1787-1788)

Question 24

First Continental Congress

Answer 24

September 1774 - delegates from 12 colonies met for 1st congress - each colony should form a militia - agreed to meet again in May 1775

Question 25

French and Indian War

Answer 25

A war fought by French and English on American soil over control of the Ohio River Valley– English defeated French in 1763. Historical Significance: established England as number one world power and began to gradually change attitudes of the colonists toward England for the worse.

Question 26

Full faith and credit clause

Answer 26

A clause in Article IV, Section 1, of the Constitution requiring each state to recognize the official documents and civil judgments rendered by the courts of other states.

Question 27

George Washington

Answer 27

Widely considered the “Father of the Nation,” he was the commander of the revolutionary armies; served as the presiding officer of the Constitutional Convention;and as the United States’ first president from 1789 to 1797

Question 28

Great Compromise

Answer 28

The final decision of the Constitutional Convention to create a two-house legislature, with the lower house elected by the people and powers divided between the two houses; also made national law supreme.

Question 29

Implied Powers

Answer 29

The powers of the national government derived from the enumerated powers and the necessary and proper clause

Question 30

Inherent Powers

Answer 30

Powers that belong to the president because they can be inferred from the Constitution.

Question 31

James Madison

Answer 31

Key Framer often called the “Father of the Constitution” for his role in conceptualizing the federal government. Co-authored “The Federalist Papers”; served as secretary of state; served as the fourth U.S. president from 1809 to 1817

Question 32

John Jay

Answer 32

A member of the Founding generation who was the first Chief of Justice of the United States. A diplomat and co-author of “The Federalist Papers”

Question 33

Lexington and Concord

Answer 33

The first sites of armed conflict between revolutionaries and British soldiers remembered for the “shot heard round the world” in 1775.

Question 34

Mercantilism

Answer 34

An economic theory designed to increase a nation’s wealth through the development of commercial industry and a favorable balance of trade.

Question 35

Montesquieu

Answer 35

The French baron and political theorist who first articulated the concept of separation of powers with checks and balances.

Question 36

Necessary and proper clause

Answer 36

The final paragraph of Article I , section 8, of the Constitution, which gives Congress the authority to pass all laws “necessary and proper” to carry out the enumerated powers specified in the Constitution; also called the elastic clause.

Question 37

New Jersey Plan

Answer 37

A framework for the Constitution proposed by a group of small states; it called for a one-house legislature with one vote for each state, a Congress with the ability to raise revenue, and a Supreme Court appointed for life.

Question 38

New World

Answer 38

The western hemisphere of earth, also called the Americas, which was unknown to Europeans before 1492.

Question 39

Political culture

Answer 39

Commonly shared attitudes, behaviors, and core values about how a government should operate.

Question 40

Samuel Adams

Answer 40

Cousin of President John Adams and an early lead against the British and loyalist oppressors; he played a key role in developing the Committees of Correspondence and was active in Massachusetts and colonial politics

Question 41

Second Continental Congress

Answer 41

Meeting that convened in Philadelphia on May 10, 1775, at which it was decided that an army should be raised and George Washington of Virginia was named commander in chief.

Question 42

Separation of powers

Answer 42

A way of dividing the power of government among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches, each staffed separately, with equality and independence of each branch ensured by the Constitution.

Question 43

Shay’s Rebellion

Answer 43

A rebellion in which an army of 1.500 disgruntled and angry farmers led by Daniel Shay marched to Springfield, Massachusetts, and forcibly restrained the state court from foreclosing mortgages on their farms.

Question 44

social contract theory

Answer 44

The belief that governments exist based on the consent of the governed.

Question 45

Sons and Daughters of Liberty

Answer 45

Loosely organized groups of patriotic American colonists who were early revolutionaries.

Question 46

Stamp Act Congress

Answer 46

A gathering of nine colonial representatives in 1765 in New York City where a detailed list of Crown violations was drafted; the first official step toward creating a unified nation.

Question 47

Supremacy clause

Answer 47

Portion of Article VI of the Constitution mandating that national law is supreme over (that is, supersedes) all other laws passed by the states or by any other subdivision of government.

Question 48

Thomas Jefferson

Answer 48

Principle drafter of the Declaration of Independence; second vice president of the United States; third president of the United Sates from 1801 to 1809. Co-founder of the Democratic Republican Party created to oppose Federalists

Question 49

Thomas Paine

Answer 49

The influential writer of Common Sense, a pamphlet that advocated for independence from Great Britain.

Question 50

Three-Fifths Compromise

Answer 50

Agreement reached at the Constitutional Convention stipulating that three-fifths of the total slave population of each state was to be for purposes of determining population for representation in the U.S House of Representatives.

Question 51

Virginia Plan

Answer 51

A proposed framework for the Constitution favoring large states. It called for a bicameral legislature, which would appoint executive and judicial officers.