APGOVCH.15.Cecilia.Martinez Flashcards
Affordable care act
is a United States federal statute enacted by the 111th United States Congress and signed into law by President Barack Obama on March 23, 2010.
Agenda setting
if a news item is covered frequently and prominently, the audience will regard the issue as more important.
Board of governors
is a federal government agency that is the Fed’s centralized component.
Budget deficit
caused when a government spends more than it collects in taxes.
Charter school
a publicly funded independent school established by teachers, parents, or community groups under the terms of a charter with a local or national authority.
Common core
a set of educational standards for teaching and testing English and mathematics between kindergarten and 12th grade.
Department of Health and Human Services
is a cabinet-level department of the U.S. federal government with the goal of protecting the health of all Americans and providing essential human services.
Depression
s a sustained, long-term downturn in economic activity in one or … A recession
discount rate
the minimum interest rate set by the Federal Reserve for lending to other banks.
Distributive policies
Aimed at ensuring proper distribution of opportunities, goods, services among different sections of society.
entitlement programs
a government program that guarantees certain benefits to a particular group or segment of the population.
Federal reserve system
It was created by the Congress to provide the nation with a safer, more flexible, and more stable monetary and financial system.
fiscal policy
is the use of government revenue collection and expenditure to influence the economy.
Governmental agenda
a set of issues and policies laid out by ideological or political groups; as well as topics under discussion by an governmental executive, or a cabinet in government that tries to influence current and near-future political news and debate.
gross domestic product
the total value of goods produced and services provided in a country during one year.
inflation
a general increase in prices and fall in the purchasing value of money.
“policies aimed at controlling inflation”
keynesian economics
the various macroeconomic theories about how in the short run – and especially during recessions – economic output is strongly influenced by aggregate deman
laissez-faire
a policy or attitude of letting things take their own course, without interfering.
means-tested programs
determination of whether an individual or family is eligible for government assistance, based upon whether the individual or family possesses the means to do without that help.
medicaid
a health care program that assists low-income families or individuals in paying for doctor visits, hospital stays, long-term medical, custodial care costs and more.
medicare
federal health insurance program for: People who are 65 or older. Certain younger people with disabilities. People with End-Stage Renal Disease (permanent kidney failure requiring dialysis or a transplant, sometimes called ESRD)
monetary policy
the process by which the monetary authority of a country, typically the central bank or currency board, controls either the cost of very short-term borrowing or the monetary base, often targeting an inflation rate or interest rate to ensure price stability and general trust in the currency.
national debt
the total amount of money that a country’s government has borrowed, by various means.
no child left behind
was a U.S. Act of Congress that reauthorized the Elementary and Secondary Education Act; it included Title I provisions applying to disadvantaged students.
non-means-tested programs
There is no means-test and no national insurance contributions conditions, you just have to fit the rules for who can claim. They are usually ignored as income for means-tested benefits.
open market operations
an activity by a central bank to give liquidity in its currency to a bank or a group of banks.
policy adoption
its decisions that are intended to solve problems and improve the quality of life for its citizens.
policy evaluation
labor laws, define property, enforce contracts, set market standards, provide goods, fund programs,
policy formulation
the development of effective and acceptable courses of action for addressing what has been placed on the policy agenda.
policy implementation
a general concept policy implementation can be defined as the third stage of policy cycle its means the stage of the policy process immediately after the passage of a law, or the action that will be taken to put the law into effect or that the problem will be solved.
public policy
the principle that injury to the public good is a basis for denying the legality of a contract or other transaction.
recession
a period of temporary economic decline during which trade and industrial activity are reduced, generally identified by a fall in GDP in two successive quarters.
redistrubutive policies
Government funded food programs take SNAP ie food stamps.
regulatory policies
These policies are generally thought to be best applied when good behavior can be easily defined and bad behavior can be easily regulated and punished through fines or sanctions.
reserve requirements
The reserve requirement is a central bank regulation employed by most, but not all, of the world’s central banks, that sets the minimum amount of reserves that must be held by a commercial bank.
social security act
created Social Security in the United States, and is relevant for US labor law. It created a basic right to a pension in old age, and insurance against unemployment.
systematic agenda
all issues that are commonly perceived by members of the political community as meriting public attention and as involving matters within the legitimate jurisdiction of existing governmental authority
vouchers
a small printed piece of paper that entitles the holder to a discount or that may be exchanged for goods or services.
