APGOVCH.12.Cecilia.Martinez Flashcards
Thomas Jefferson
Principle drafter of the declaration of independence; second vice president of the united states; third president of the united states from 1801 to 1809. Co-founder of the democratic-republican party
Donald J.Trump
The forty-fifth president, a republican, elected in 2016; first president elected without prior political or military experience, an experienced businessman.
Hillary Clinton
Fist female major party candidate for president of the united states, a democrat, who ran against President Donald Trump in 2016. Secretary of the state from 2009 to 2013; New York senator from 2001 to 2009; former first lady.
electorate
the citizens eligible to vote
mandate
a command, indicated by an electorate’s votes, for the elected officials to carry out a party platform or policy agenda.
primary election
election in which voters describe which of the candidates within a party will represent the party in the general election.
closed primary
a primary election in which only a party’s registered voters are eligible to cast a ballot.
open primary
a primary election in which party members, independents, and sometimes members of the other party are allowed to participate.
crossover voting
participation in the primary election of the party with which the voter is not affiliated.
runoff primary
a second primary election between the two candidates receiving the greatest number of votes in the first primary.
general election
election in which voters decide which candidates will actually fill elective public offices.
initiative
an election that allows citizens to propose legislation or state constitutional amendments by submitting them to the electorate for popular vote.
referendum
an election whereby the state legislature submits proposed legislation or state constitutional amendments to the voters for approval.
recall
an election in which voters can remove an incumbent from office prior to the next scheduled election.
electoral college
representatives of each state who cast the final ballots that actually elect a president.
elector
member of the electoral college
reapportionment
the reallocation of the number of seats in the house of representatives after each decennial census.
501 (c) group
Groups that are exempted from reporting their contributions and can receive unlimited contributions. Section 501c of the tax code specifies that such groups cannot spend more than half their funds on political activities
527 Political Committees
Independent political groups that are not subject to contribution restrictions because they do not directly seek the election of particular candidates. Section 527 of the tax code specifies that contributions to such groups must be reported to the IRS
Barack Obama
Barack Obama is an American attorney and politician who served as the 44th president of the United States from 2009 to 2017
Bernie Sanders
Bernard Sanders is an American politician serving as the junior United States Senator from Vermont since 2007.
Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act (BCRA)
Banned soft money donations to political parties (loophole from FECA); also imposed restrictions on 527 independent expenditures (issue ads only, not direct advocacy for a candidate). Declared unconstitutional by Citizens United case. Also known as the McCain-Feingold Act
Campaign consultant
sells a candidate the technologies, services, and strategies required to get that candidate elected
Campaign Manager
travels with the candidate and coordinates the many different aspects of the campaign
Citizens United v. FEC
corporations have a 1st Amendment right to expressly support political candidates for Congress and the White House
closed primary
A primary election in which voters must first declare to which party they belong
communications director
develops an overall media strategy for the candidate
contrast ad
states differences between candidates, with a bias to the person buying the ad PM
conventional political participation
relatively routine political behavior that uses institutional channels and is acceptable to the dominant culture
crossover voting
Participation in the primary of a party with which the voter is not affiliated
Donald J .Trump
Donald John Trump is the 45th and current President of the United States.
Elector
one qualified to vote in an election. 2 : one entitled to participate in an election: such as. a : any of the German princes entitled to take part in choosing the Holy Roman Emperor. b : a member of the electoral college in the U.S.
Electorate
An electorate is a body of people allowed to vote in an election. In the United States, when you turn eighteen,
Electorate college
The Electoral College is an indirect system for electing the United States president using Electoral College votes.
Federal Election Campaign Act (FECA )
A law passed in 1974 for reforming campaign finances. The act created the Federal Election Commission, provided public financing for presidential primaries and general elections, limited presidential campaign spending, required disclosure, and attempted to limit contributions.
Federal Election Commission (FEC)
A six-member bipartisan agency created by the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1974. It administers and enforces campaign finance laws.
Finance Chair
The campaign professional who directs fundraising, campaign spending, and compliance with campaign-finance laws and reporting requirement
front loading
The recent tendency of states to hold primaries early in the calendar in order to capitalize on media attention.
general election
voters decide which candidates will fill elective public offices
Powers of the Presidency
Constitutional Power,Fear of Abuse of Power,Madisonian System (Created by James Madison)Shared Powers,Checks and Balances,Short Term of Office
Expansions of Power
From the 1950’s to the 1960’s: Americans believed in a strong President and that a weak President was bad
Vice President
Mainly Ceremonial in previous years Increasing role in modern presidency
The Cabinet
The group behind the President, includes heads of Federal Government and Executive Departments
Party Leadership
The bonds of Party
Public Support
Influence in Congress depends on popularity
Crisis Manager
Two Presidencies
Going Public
Ceremonial duties build public support “ Public sentiment is everything with public sentiment nothing can fail; without it, nothing can succeed.”
Policy Support
Using the bully pulpit effectively (Media Skills)Public not receptive(Not interested in Politics,Biased reasoners, Weak on facts)
Mobilizing the Public
When the people speak, Congress listens:(This is a rare event,Inattentive Public,Apathetic Public,Congress responds to this, too)
President in the News
Media serves as a intermediary: Doesn’t always verify facts,Biased news outlets,Press Secretary
The Presidency and Democracy
Americans want and fear a strong President
Divided government causes Civil War
Impeachment
The political equivalent of an indictment in criminal law,prescribed by the constitution. The House of Representatives may impeach the president by a majority vote for Treason, Bribery or other crimes and misdemeanors
Executive orders
Regulations originating with the executive branch. Executive orders are one method presidents can use to control the bureaucracy
