APGov.Ch4 Angelina.Zamora

Question 1

Abraham Lincoln

Answer 1

16th president of the united states first elected Republican led the union during the civil war and was assassinated in 1865 by a Confederate sympathizer John wikes booth.

Question 2

Abolitionists

Answer 2

a supporter especially in the early 19th century of an end to the institution of slavery

Question 3

Alien and Sedition Acts

Answer 3

laws passed in 1798 that allowed the imprisonment and deportation of aliens considered dangerous and criminalized false statements against the government

Question 4

bill of attainder

Answer 4

a law declaring an act illegal without a judicial trial

Question 5

bill of rights

Answer 5

The first 10 amendments to the U.S constitution which largely guarantee specific rights and liberties

Question 6

black lives matter

Answer 6

a recent social movement focused on direct protest and political activism against police brutality mass incarceration and related offenses against African Americans

Question 7

burger court

Answer 7

the period in supreme court history during which Warren burger served as chief justice

Question 8

capital cases

Answer 8

court cases in which a conviction may result in the application of the death penalty

Question 9

civil liberties

Answer 9

the personal guarantees and freedoms that the government cannot abridge by law constitution or judicial interpretation

Question 10

civil rights

Answer 10

the government protected the rights of individuals against arbitrary or discriminatory treatment by governments individuals

Question 11

clear and present danger test

Answer 11

test articulated by the supreme court in Schenck v U.S to draw the line between protected and unprotected speech: the court looks to see whether the words used could create a clear and present danger that they will bring about substantive evils that Congress seeks to prevent.

Question 12

DeJonge v Oregon

Answer 12

supreme course case that applied the protections of the first amendment of freedom of assembly to the states.

Question 13

direct incitement test

Answer 13

test articulated by the supreme court in Brandenburg v Ohio holding that the 1st amendment protects advocacy of illegal actions is intended and likely to occur

Question 14

double jeopardy clause

Answer 14

part of the 5th amendment that protects individuals from being tried twice for the same offense in the same jurisdiction

Question 15

due process clause

Answer 15

the clause contained in the fifth and fourteenth amendments over the years it has been construed to guarantee a variety of rights to individuals

Question 16

due process rights

Answer 16

protections drew from the fourth amendment and the bill of rights. due process may be procedural ensuring fair treatment or substantive protecting fundamental rights

Question 17

Earl Warren

Answer 17

the 14th chief justice of the united states who served from 1953 to 1969 and led the court through an important liberal phase previously a Republican governor and vice presidential nominee

Question 18

8th amendment

Answer 18

part of the bill of rights that states excessive bail shall not be required nor excessive fines imposed nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.

Question 19

18th amendment

Answer 19

a 1913 amendment that created the nationwide prohibition on alcoholic beverages; it was repealed in 1933

Question 20

Espionage act

Answer 20

a 1917 law that prohibited urging resistance to the draft or distributing anti-war leaflets by the supreme court in Schenck v U.S

Question 21

establishment clause

Answer 21

the first clause of the 1st amendment it directs the national government not to sanction an official religion

Question 22

exclusionary rule

Answer 22

judicially created rule that prohibits police from using illegally seized evidence at trial

Question 23

ex post facto law

Answer 23

a law that makes an act punishable as a crime even if the action was legal at the time it was committed

Question 24

1st amendment

Answer 24

part of the bill of rights that imposes a number of restrictions on the federal government with respect to civil liberties including freedom of speech press assembly and petition

Question 25

4th amendment

Answer 25

part of the bill of rights that protects people from unreasonable searches and seizures of their person’s houses papers and effects without a warrant from a judge among other guarantees

Question 26

14th amendment

Answer 26

One of three major amendments enacted after the civil war extending equal protection of the law to all citizens

Question 27

5th amendment

Answer 27

part of the bill of rights that imposes a number of restrictions on the federal government with respect to the rights of persons suspected of committing a crime. It provides for indictment by a grand jury and protection against self-incrimination and prevents the national government from denying a person life liberty or property without the due process of law. It also prevents the national government from taking property without just compensation

Question 28

fighting words

Answer 28

words that by their very utterance inflict injury or tend to incite an immediate breach of peace. Fighting words are not subject to the protections of the first amendment

Question 29

free exercise clause

Answer 29

the second clause of the 1st amendment it prohibits that U.S government from interfering with a citizens right to practice his or her religion

Question 30

fundamental freedoms

Answer 30

those rights defined by the court as essential to order liberty and justice and therefore entitled to the highest standard of review

Question 31

Gitlow v New York

Answer 31

a supreme court case that extended the protections of the 1st amendment of freedom of speech and of the press to the state governments

Question 32

grand jury

Answer 32

a group of citizens charged with determining whether enough evidence exists for a case to go to trial guaranteed by the fifth amendment

Question 33

hate speech

Answer 33

communication that belittles a person or group on the basis of race gender ethnicity or other characteristics

Question 34

incorporation doctrine

Answer 34

an interpretation of the constitution holding that the due process clause of the 14th amendment requires state and local governments to guarantee the rights states in the bill of rights

Question 35

lemon test

Answer 35

three-part test created by the supreme court for examining the constitutionality of religious establishment issues

Question 36

libel

Answer 36

a false written statement that defames a person´s character

Question 37

Miranda rights

Answer 37

statements required of police that inform a suspect of his or her constitutional rights protected by the 5th amendment including the right to an attorney provided by a court if the suspect cannot afford one

Question 38

Miranda v Arizona

Answer 38

a landmark supreme court decision ruling holding that the 5th amendment requires individuals arrested for a crime to e advised of their right to remain silent and to have counsel present

Question 39

Miller v California

Answer 39

the supreme court case that created the Miller test the determine when a sexually explicit expression was obscene and therefore beyond the protection of the first amendment

Question 40

New York Times Co. v Sullivan

Answer 40

case in which the supreme court concluded that actual malice must be proven to support a finding of libel against a public figure

Question 41

New York Times Co. v U.S

Answer 41

the case in which the supreme court ruled that the U.S government could not block the publication of secret department of defense documents illegally furnished to the times by anti-war activists. Also called the Pentagon papers case

Question 42

9th amendment

Answer 42

Part of the bill of rights that makes it clear that enumerating rights in the Consitution or Bill of Rights does not mean that others do not exist

Question 43

Occupy Wall street

Answer 43

a recent social movement that promotes protests and political activism against police brutality mass incarceration and related offense against African americans

Question 44

Planned Parenthood of Southern Pennsylvania v Casey

Answer 44

the supreme court’s decision in this abortion case replaced the strict scrutiny standard of roe with the less stringent undue burden standard

Question 45

prior restraint

Answer 45

constitutional doctrine that prevents government from prohibiting speech or publication before the fact generally held to be in violation of the first amendment

Question 46

right to privacy

Answer 46

the right to be left alone a judicially created principle encompassing a variety of individual actions protected by the penumbras cast by several constitutional amendments including the first third fourth ninth and fourteenth amendments

Question 47

Roe v Wade

Answer 47

the supreme courts found that a woman’s right to abortion was protected by the right to privacy that could be implied from specific guarantees found in the bill of rights applied to the states through the 14th amendment

Question 48

sedition laws

Answer 48

laws that make it illegal to speak or write any political crises that threaten to diminish respect for the government its laws or public officials. State sedition laws were overturned as a result of the 1925 Gitlow Supreme court decision

Question 49

selective incorporation

Answer 49

a judicial doctrine whereby most but not all protections found in the bill of rights are made applicable to the states via the 14th amendment

Question 50

September 11th

Answer 50

a terrorist plot carried out in september 11th 2001 that used hijacked civilian aircraft to attack the world trade center in new york and the pentagon near washington DC.

Question 51

6th amendment

Answer 51

part of the bill of rights that sets it the basic requirements of procedural due process for federal courts to follow in criminal trial impartial juries trials in the states where the crime was committed notice of the charges the right to confront and obtain favorable witnesses and the right to counsel

Question 52

slander

Answer 52

untrue spoken statements that defame the character of a person

Question 53

substantive due process

Answer 53

judicial interpretation of the fifth and 14th amendments due process clauses protects citizens from arbitrary or unjust state or federal laws

Question 54

symbolic speech

Answer 54

symbols signs and other methods of expression generally considered to be protected by the first amendment

Question 55

10th amendment

Answer 55

the final part of the bill of rights that defines the basic principles of American federalism in stating that the powers not delegated to the national government are reserved to the states or the people

Question 56

The crown v Zenger

Answer 56

The legal case in the colony of new york that is considered a precursor to free press provisions in the constitution. The case did not set a legal precedent but did reflect a difference between British authorities and colonists with regard to press freedoms

Question 57

undue burden test

Answer 57

a standard set by the supreme court in the Casey case in 1992 that narrowed roe v wade and allowed for greater regulation of abortion by the states

Question 58

Warren court

Answer 58

The period in supreme court history during which earl warren served as chief justice noted for its many rulings expanding civil liberties and civil rights.

Question 59

Warren E Burger

Answer 59

the 15th chief justice of the U.S who served from 1969 to 1986 and who led the court in an increasingly conservative direction

Question 60

Whole women’s health v Hellerstedt

Answer 60

supreme court abortion ruling that struck down state law provisions in Texas as presenting an undue burden on women seeking abortions. This decision invalidated numerous state and local laws that imposed similar limitations on clinics

Question 61

writs of habeas corpus

Answer 61

petition requesting that a judge order authorities to prove that a prisoner is being held lawfully and that allows the prisoner to be freed if the government’s case does not persuade the judge. Habeas corpus rights imply that prisoners have a right to know what charges are being made against them.