APGovCh.15.Angelina.Zamora Flashcards
Affordable Care Act (ACA)
A 2010 law designed to ensure that nearly all Americans would have access to health care coverage including those living in poverty
Agenda settings
The process of forming the list of issues to be addressed by government
Board of Governors
In the federal reserve system a seven-member board that makes most economic decisions regarding interest rates and supply of money; it is led by the Federal Reserve chair
Budget Deficit
The economic condition that occurs when expenditures exceed revenues
Charter School
Semi-public schools that have open admission and receive some support form the government and may also receive private donations to increase the quality of education
Common Core
A voluntarily adopted multi-state approach to setting standards that all students should achieve up through the high-school level
Department of Health and Human Services
The cabinet-level department administering most federal social welfare and health-related policies and programs; it includes the national institutes for Health the centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the food and drug administration
Depression
A server and long-lasting decline in the economy that occurs as investment sags production falls off and unemployment increases
Discount Rate
The rate of interest at which the feral reserve board lends money to member banks
Distributive policies
Public policies that provide benefits to individuals group communities or corporations
Entitlement programs
Government benefits that all citizens meeting eligibility criteria-such as age, income level or unemployment-are legally ¨entitled¨ to receive.
Federal Reserve Systems
The organizations in the United States tasked with such responsibilities as managing the money supply stabilizing prices moderating interest rates and reducing unemployment
Fiscal policy
The deliberate use of the national governments taxing and spending policies to maintain economic stability
Governmental agenda
Problems to which public officials feel obliged to devote active and serious attention
Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
The total market value of all goods and services produced in a country during a year
Inflation
A rise in the general price levels of goods and services within an economy
Keynesian economics
An economic approach first championed by economist John Maynard Keynes in the 1930s who maintained that spending bu government can stimulate economic growth much faster than a free market could on its own.
Laissez-faire
The economic philosophy that endorses a very limited role for government in the economy
Means-tested programs
Programs requiring beneficiaries to have incomes below specified levels to be eligible for benefits; among these are social security insurance temporary aid to needy families and the supplemental nutrition assistance program formally called ¨food stamps¨
Medicaid
A government program that subsidizes medical care for the poor
Medicare
The federal program established during Lyndon B Johnson administration the provides medical care to elderly Social Security recipients
Monetary Policy
A form of government regulation in which the nations money supply and interest rates are controlled
National debt
The total amount owed by the federal government to its creditors, both domestic and international
No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB)
Bipartisan education reform bill that employed high standards and measurable goals as a method of improving American education across states; in 2016 it was largely replaced by the Every Student Succeeds Act
Non-means-tested programs
Programs that provide cash assistance to qualified beneficiaries, regardless of income; among these Social Security and unemployment insurance.
Open market operations
The buying and selling of government securities by the federal reserve bank
Policy adoption
The approval of a policy proposal by people with the requisite authority, such as a legislature
Policy evaluation
The process of determining whether a course of action is achieving its intended goals.
Policy formulation
The crafting of proposed courses of action to resolve public problems
Policy Implementation
The process of carrying out public policy
Public Policy
An international course of action or inaction followed by the government in dealing with some problem or matter of concern
Recession
A decline in the economy that occurs as investment sages production falls off and unemployment increases
Redistributive policies
Public policies that transfer resources from one group to assist another group
Regulatory policies
Public policies that limit the activities of individuals and corporations or prohibit certain types of unacceptable behavior
Reserve requirements
Government requirements that a portion of member banks deposits be retained as backing for their loans
Social security act
A 1935 law that established old-age insurance; assistance for the needy aged blind and families with dependent children; and unemployment insurance
Systemic agenda
A set of issues to be discussed or given attention; it consists of all public issues viewed as requiring governmental attention
Vouchers
Certificated issued by the government that may be applied toward the cost of attending private or other public schools
