APGov Ch.12 Angelina.Zamora Flashcards
501 group
interest group whose primary purpose is not electing electoral politics
527 political committees
organizations created with primary purpose of influencing electoral outcomes the term is typically applied only to freestanding interest groups that do not explicitly advocate for the election of candidates
Barack Obama
the first African American president of the US a democrat senator from Illinois
Bernie Sanders
longest serving independent in the united states congress. ran against Hilary Clinton in the 2016 Democratic presidential primary senator from Vermont since 2007 first elected to the house of representatives in 1991
Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act
Passes in 2002 this act amended the federal election campaign act of 1071 with several provisions designed to end the use of nonfederal or soft money for activity affecting federal elections
campaign consultant
a private sector professional who sells to a candidate the technologies services and strategies required to get that candidate elected
campaign manager
the individual who travels with the candidate and coordinates the campaign
Citizens United v FEC
the 2010 US Supreme court case that enabled corporations and unions have the same political speech rights as individuals under the first amendment
closed primary
A primary election in which only a party’s registered voters are eligible to cast a ballot
communications director
the person who develops the overall media strategy for the candidate
Contrast ad
ad that compares the records and proposals of the candidates with a bias toward the candidate sponsoring the ad
Conventional political participation
activism that attempts to influence the political process through commonly accepted forms of persuasion such as voting or letter writing
crossover voting
Participation in the primary election of a party with which the voter is not affiliated.
Donald J Trump
The forty-fifth president and Republican elected in 2016 first president elected without prior political or military experience; and experienced businessman
elector
member of the electoral college
electorate
the citizens eligible to vote
electorate college
representatives of each state who cast the final ballots that actually elect a president
Federal Election Campaign Act
passed in 1971 this is the primary law that regulates political campaign spending and fundraising the law originally focused on increased disclosure of contributions for federal campaigns
Federal Election Commission
an independent regulatory agency founded in 1975 by the united states congress to regulate the campaign finance legislation in the united states.
finance chair
the individual who coordinates the financial business of thee campaign
front-loading
the tendency of states to choose an early date on the nomination calendar
general election
the election in which voters decide which candidate will actually fill elective public offices
get-out-the-note
a push at the end of political campaign to encourage supports to go to the polls.
help america vote act
a federal law passed in 2001 that addresses issues of voting systems and voter access that were identifiedfollowing the 2000 election. it est min election administration standards for states and units of local government with responsibility for the administration of federal elections and for other purposes related to the bill
Hillary R Clinton
First female major party candidate for president of the united states a democrat who ran against president trump secretary state new york senator former first lady
incumbency
already holding an office
independent expenditures
spending or campaign activity that is not coordinated with a candidates campaign
initiative
an election that allows citizens to propose legislation or state constitutional amendments by submitting them to the electorate for popular vote
inoculation ad
advertising that attempts to counteract an anticipated attack from the opposition before the attack is launched
mandate
a command indicated by an electorate’s votes for the elected officials to carry out a party platform or policy agenda
matching funds
donations to presidential campaigns whereby every dollar raised from individuals in amounts less than 251 are matched by federal treasury
McCutcheon v FEC
the 2014 supreme court ruling that declared section 441 of the federal election campaign act unconstitutional. section 411 imposed limits on any individuals total political contribution in a two-year period
mid-term election
an election that takes place in the middle of the presidential term
negative ad
advertising on behalf of a candidate that attacks the opponents character or platform.
open primary
A primary election in which party members independents and sometimes members of the other party are allowed to participate.
Politcal action committee
officially recognized fund-raising organizations that represent interest groups and are allowed by federal law to make contributions directly to candidate campaigns
pollster
a campaign consultant who conducts public opinion surveys
positive ad
advertising on behalf of a candidate the stresses the candidate’s qualifications family and issue positions with no direct reference to the opponent.
presidential coattails
when successful presidential candidates carry into office congressional candidates of the same party in the year of their election
press secretary
the individual charged with interacting and communicating with journalists on a daily basis
primary election
Election in which voters decide which of the candidates within a party will represent the party in the general election.
prospective judgment
a voters evaluation of a candidate based on what he or she pledges to do about an issue if elected.
public funds
donations from general tax revenues to campaigns of qualifying presidential candidates
reapportionment
the reallocation of the number of seats in the house of representatives after each decennial census
recall
an election in which voter can remove an incumbent from office prior to the next scheduled election
referendum
an election whereby the state legislature submits proposed legislation or state constitutional amendments to the voters for approval
retrospective judgment
a voters evaluation of a candidate based on past performance on a particular issue
runoff primary
a second primary election between the two candidates receiving the greatest number of votes in the first primary
super PAC
political action committees established to make independent expenditures
turnout
the proportion of the voting age public that casts a ballot
Thomas Jefferson
Principle drafter of the delaration of independence second vice president of the united states thrid president of the united states from 1801-1809 Co-founder of the democratic-republian party
unconventional political participation
activism that attempts to influence the political process through unusual or extreme measures such as protests boycotts and picketing.
voter canvass
the process by which campaign reaches individual voters either by door to door solicitation or by telephone
