APGov Ch.3 Angelina Zamora Flashcards
Abraham Lincoln
16ht president of the united states, the first elected Republican president, who served from 1861-1865. lincoln who led the union during the civil war was assassinated in 1865 by a Confederate sympathizer, John Wilkes Booth
Andrew Jackson
17th president of the united states a Republican who served from 1865-1869 Johnson had served as Lincolns vice president and because president after Lincoln was assassinated
Barack Obama
the first African American president of the US a Democrat who served as 44th president from 2009-2017 senator from Illinois from 2005-2008 member of the Illinois Senate from 1997 to 2004
Barron v Baltimore
Supreme Court ruling that, before the civil war, limited the applicability of the Bill of Rights in the pre-civil era
Bill of attainder
a law declaring an act illegal without a judicial trial
block grant
a large grant given to a state by the federal government with only general spending guidelines
Calvin Coolidge
30th president of the US a Republican who served from 1923 to 1929
Categorical Grants
Grants the appropriate federal funds to states for a specific purpose
Civil war
The military conflict from 1861 to 1865 in the united states between the Northern forces of the union and the Southern forces of the Confederacy. Over 600,000 Americans lost their lives during this war
charter
a document that like a constitution specifies the bais policies procedures and institutions of local government. Chartes for local governments must be approved by state legislature
concurrent powers
powers shared by the national and state governments
confederate states of America
The political system created by the 11 states that seceded from the Union during the Civil War, which ceased to exist upon the Union victory
confederation
type of government in which the national government derives power from states; a league of independent states
cooperative federalism
the intertwined relationship between national state and local governments that began with the new deal; often referred to as marble-cake federalism
counites
the basic administrative units of local government
democracy
gov that gives power to the people whether directly or through elected representatives
Dillions Rule
a premise articulated by john f dillion in 1868 which states that local governments do not have any inherent sovereignty and instead must be authorized by state governments that can create or abolish them
Dred Scott v Sandford
A Supreme Court decision that ruled then Missouri compromise unconstitutional and denied citizenship rights to enslaved African Americans. Dred Scott heightened tensions between the proslavery South and the abolitionist North in the run-up to the civil war
dual federalism
The belief that having separate and equally powerful levels of government is the best arrangement often referred to as a layer-cake federalism
enumerated powered
powers of national government specifically granted to Congress in article 1 section 8 of the constitution
ex-post facto law
a law that makes an act punishable as a crime even f the action was legal at the time it was committed
extradition clause
part of article 4 of the constitution that requires states to extradite or return criminals to states where they have been convicted or are to stand trial
federal system
a system of government in which the national government and state government share power and derive al authority from the people
Franklin D Roosevelt
32 president a Democrat who served from 1933-1945. FDR’s leadership took the united states through the Great Depression and WW2
full faith and credit clause
section of article 4 of the constitution that ensures judicial decrees and contracts made in one state will be binding and enforceable in any other states
Gibbons v Ogden
The Supreme Court upheld broad congressional power to regulate interstate commerce. The Court’s board interpretation of the constitutions commerce clause paved the way for later rulings upholding expansive federal powers.
Great society
reform program began in 1964 by president Lyndon B Johnson that was a broad attempt to combat poverty and discrimination through urban renewal education reform and unemployment relief
Herbert Hoover
31st president of the US republican who served from 1929 to 1933 during the start of the great depression
implied powers
the powers of the national government derived from the enumerated powers and the necessary and proper clause
interstate compacts
contracts between states that carry the force of law; generally now used as a tool to address multistate policy concerns
Iroquois Confederacy
A political alliance of American Indian tribes established in the seventeenth century that featured aspects of the federal system of government adapted by the farmers
John C Calhoun
A politician and political theorist from South Carolina who supported slavery and states rights in the pre-civil war era and served as vice president from 1825-1832
John Marshall
the longest-serving supreme court chief justice, Marshall served from 1801 to 1835. Marshalls decision in Marbury v Madison established the principle of judicial review in united states
Lyndon B Johnson
36th president of the united states a Democrat who served from 1964-1969 LBJ led the nation during the Civil Rights era and the Vietnam War
McCulloch v Maryland
Upheld power of the national government and denied the right of a state to tax the federal bank using the constitutions supremacy clause. The court’s broad interpretation of the necessary and proper clause paved the way for later rulings upholding expansive federal powers
monarchy
A form of government in which power is vested in hereditary kings and queens who govern the entire society
municipalities
city government created in response to the emergence of relatively densely populated areas
New Deal
the name given to the program of relief recovery reform begin by FDR in 1933 to bring the US out of the great depression
New Federalism
Federal-state relationship proposed by the Regan administration during the 1980s; Hallmark is returning administrative powers to the state governments
nullification
The belief in the right of a state to declare void a federal law
oligarchy
gov in which the right to participate depends on the possession of wealth social statues military position or achievement
privileges and immunities clause
part of article 4 of the constitution guaranteeing that the citizens of each state are afforded the same rights as citizens of all other states
programmatic requests
federal funds designated for special projects within a state or congressional district; who called earmarks
progressive federalism
a pragmatic approach to federalism that views relations between national and state governments as both coercive and cooperative
reconstruction
the period from 1865-1877 after the civil war in which the U.S military occupied and dominated the 11 former states of the Confederacy
reserved powers
powers reserved to the states by the tenth amendment that lies at the foundation of states right to legislate for the public health and welfare of its citizens
Roger B Taney
Supreme Court Chief Justice who served from 1835-1864, Taney supported slavery and states’ rights in the pre-civil war era
Ronald Reagen
40th president of the US a Republican who served from 1981- 1989. Regan led the nation through the end of the cold war and his leadership led to a national shift toward political conservatism
secession
A unilateral assertion of independence by a geographic region within a country The 11 Southern states making up the Confederacy during the civil war seceded from the United States
Seventeenth Amendment
Amendment to the US Constitution that authorized Congress to enact a national income tax
sixteenth amendment
made senators directly elected by the people removing their selection by the state legislatures
special district
a local government that is restricted to a particular
tenth amendment
final part of the bill of rights that defines the basic principle of american federalism in stating that the powers not delegated to the national government are reserved to the states or to the people
totalitarianism
gov in which power resides in leaders who rule by force in their own self-interest and without regard to rights and liberties
unitary system
gov in which the local and regional gov derive all authority from a strong national government
