APGov ch.6 Angelina.Zamora Flashcards
Apportionment
the process of allotting congressional seats to each state according to its proportion of the population following the decennial census
Apportionment is based on the population of the state
bicameral legislature
a two-house legislature
The bicameral legislature is made up of the Senate and the house of representatives.
bill
a proposed law
Bills need to be passed in order for laws to be created
cloture
Mechanism requiring the vote of sixty senators to cut off debate.
Cloture is used to block the Senate.
committee of the whole
a procedure that allows the house of representatives to deliberate with a lower quorum and to expedite consideration and amendment of a bill.
Committee of the whole is used to is used to go over smaller bills.
congressional budget office
created in 1974 the CBO provides Congress with evaluations of the potential economic effects of proposed spending policies and also analyzes the presidents budget and economic projections.
congressional budget office goes over the amount of money the government could spend.
congressional research service
created in 1914 the non-partisan CRS provides information studies and research in support of the work Congress and prepares summaries and tracks the progress of all bill.
The congressional research service works specifically for Congress.
congressional review
a process whereby Congress can nullify agency regulations within a 60-day window by passing a joint resolution of legislative disapproval. The president’s approval of the resolution or a two-thirds majority vote in both houses to overrule a presidential veto is also required.
Congressional review is used for Congress to check other branches.
delegate
the role played by a representative who votes the way his or her constituents would want regardless of personal opinions may refer to an elected representative to Congress or a representative to the party convention
Delegates vote the way their constituents vote no matter what their personal beliefs are.
discharge petition
a petition that gives a majority of the House of Representatives that authority to bring an issue to the floor in the face of committee inaction.
The discharge petition helps the house of representatives.
divided government
The political condition in which different political parties control the presidency and at least one house of Congress
We have a divided government because of the two major political parties.
Edmund Burke
conservative British political philosopher of the eighteenth century who articulated the view that elected representatives should act as trustees and use their own best judgment when voting
Edmund Burke served as a member in the house of commons.
filibuster
a formal was of halting Senate action on a bill by means of long speeches of unlimited debate
The filibuster has the power to delay a proposal.
gerrymandering
the drawing of congressional districts to produce a particular electoral outcome without regard to the shape of the district
Gerrymandering was made to establish a political advantage.
government accountability office
est. in 1921 the GAO is an independent regulatory agency for the purpose of auditing the financial expenditures of the executive branch and federal agencies until 2004 the GAO was known as the general accounting office
The government accountability office provides an investigative service.
Hillary Clinton
First female majority party candidate for president of the United States a Democrat who ran against president Donald Trump.
There is a lot of controversy surrounding Hillary Clinton
hold
a procedure by which a senator asks to be informed before a particular bill or nomination is brought to the floor. This request signals leadership that a member may have objections to the bill and should be consulted before further action is taken
Hold allows the Senate to have objections.
house committee on rules
The influential Rules Committee determines the scheduling and conditions such as length of debate and type of allowable amendments for all bills in the house of representatives
House committee on rules determines what rules are being used to make a bill.
impeachment
the power delegated to the house of representatives in the constitution to charge the president vice president or other civil officers including federal judges with treason bribery or other high crimes and misdemeanors this is the first step in the constitutional process of removing government officials from office
A president has never been impeached although some have come close.
incumbency
already holding an office
Incumbency is seen as an advantage since they are already in office.
joint committee
a standing committee that includes members from both houses of Congress set up to conduct investigations or special studies
Joint committee includes both houses on Congress.
logrolling
vote trading voting to support the colleague’s bill in return for a promise of future support
Logrolling is used to gain an advantage over your colleagues.
majority leader
the head of the party controlling the most seats in the house of representatives or the Senate is second in authority to the speaker of the house and in the Senate is regarded as its most powerful member
A majority leader controls the most seats in the house of representatives.
majority party
the political party in each house of Congress with the second most members
The majority party has the second most members.
markup
a session in which committee members offer changes to a bill before it goes to the floor.
Markup allows there to be a change in the bill.
minority leader
the head of the party with the second highest number of elected representatives or the Senate
The minority leader has the second highest number of people in the Senate.
minority party
the political party in each house of Congress with the most members
The minority party has many donations and has a different number of members than the mainstream party.
party caucus
a formal gathering of all party members
The party caucus is where members of the republican and democratic party meet.
pocket veto
if Congress adjourns during the ten days the president has to consider a bill passed by both houses of Congress the bill is considered vetoed without the presidents signature
The pocket veto is used by the president.
politico
an elected representative who acts as a trustee or as a delegate depending on the issue
Politico has influence on current issues.
pork
legislation that allows representatives to bring money and jobs to their districts in the form of public works programs military bases or other programs.
Pork brings money to representatives districts.
president pro tempore
the office chair of the Senate usually the most senior member of the majority party.
the president pro tempore is usually the most important person of the party.
programmatic requests
Federal funds designed for special projects within a state or congressional district. Also referred to as earmarks.
Programmatic requests is federal funding.
reconciliation
a procedure that allows consideration of controversial issues affecting the budget by limiting debate to twenty hours thereby ending the threat of a filibuster
Reconciliation allows to limit the budget of controversial issues.
redistricting
the process of redrawing congressional districts to reflect increases or decreases in seats allotted to the states as well as population shifts within a state
Redistricting allows to reflect of issues.
Richard M Nixion
37th president advocated detente during the cold war and resigned rather than face impeachment and likely removal from office due to the Watergate scandal
Richard Nixion was one of the first presidents to almost get impeached.
select committee
Temporary committee appointed for a specific purpose
The select committee is appointed for specific issues.
senatorial courtesy
a process by which presidents generally allow senators from the state in which a judicial vacancy occurs to block a nomination by simply registering their objection.
Senatorial courtesy allows senators to block a nomination.
seniority
time of continuous service on a committee
The amount of time you have a party of something gives you Seniority.
speaker of the house
the only officer of the house of representatives specifically mentioned in the constitution the chambers most powerful position traditionally a member of the majority party
The speaker of the house is usually a member of the majority party.
standing committee
Committee to which proposed bills are referred continues from one Congress to the next.
Standing committee proposes bills.
trustee
the role played by an elected representative who listens to constituents opinions and then uses his or her best judgment to make the final decision
A trustee listens to the opinions of the people and makes the final decision.
unified government
the political condition in which the same political party controls the presidency and Congress.
The unified government allows the president to pass bills faster since they are all apart of the same political party.
veto
The formal constitutional authority of the president to reject bills passed by both houses of Congress thus preventing them from becoming law without further congressional action.
The president has the power to veto any bill.
war powers resolution
Passed by Congress in 1973 the president is limited in the deployment of troops overseas for a sixty-day period in peacetime unless Congress explicitly gives its approval for a longer period
War powers resolution limits the number of troops that could be deployed.
whip
Party leader who keeps close contact with all members of his or her party takes vote counts on key legislation prepares summaries of bills and acts as a communications link within a party
Whip is the party leader who keeps close contact who with members of his party.
congressional budget act of 1974
the act that established the congressional budgetary process by laying out a plan for congressional action on the annual budget resolution appropriations reconciliation and any other revenue bills.
Congressional budget act of 1794 establishes the congressional budgetary process.
conference committee
A special joint committee created to reconcile differences in bills passed by the house and Senate
COnference committee is a joint committee used to pass bills by the house and the senate.
