APGov Ch.5 Angelina.Zamora

Question 1

abolitionist

Answer 1

a supporter especially in the early 19th century of ending the institution of slavery

Question 2

affirmative action

Answer 2

policies designed to give special attention or compensatory treatment to members of a previously disadvantaged group

Question 3

Americans with disabilities act

Answer 3

a law enacted by Congress in 1990 designed to guarantee accommodation and access for people with a wide range of disabilities

Question 4

Brown v board of education

Answer 4

U.S supreme court decision holding that school segregation is inherently unconstitutional because it violates the guarantee of the 14th amendment of equal protection of the law

Question 5

Cesar Chavez

Answer 5

labor organizer who with Dolores Huerta founded the united states workers union in the 1960s

Question 6

civil rights

Answer 6

the government protected the rights of individuals against arbitrary or discriminatory treatment by governments or individuals

Question 7

chinese exclusion act

Answer 7

a law passed by Congress in 1882 that prohibited all new immigration in the U.S from China

Question 8

civil rights act of 1875

Answer 8

passed by Congress to enforce the 14th amendments guarantees of equal protection to African Americans granted equal access to public accommodations among other provisions

Question 9

civil rights act of 1964

Answer 9

wide-ranging legislation passed by Congress to outlaw segregation in public facilities and discrimination in employment education and voting; created the equal employment opportunity commission

Question 10

dolores Huerta

Answer 10

labor organizer who with Cesar Chavez founded the united states workers union in the 1960s

Question 11

Dred Scott v Sanford

Answer 11

a supreme court decision that ruled the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional and denied citizenship rights to enslaved African Americans Dred scot heightened tensions between the proslavery south and the abolitionist north in the run up to the civil war.

Question 12

Dwight D Eisenhower

Answer 12

34th president a republican he commanded allied forced during ww2

Question 13

Eleanor Roosevelt

Answer 13

the first lady of the United States from 1933 to 1945 Roosevelt championed human rights throughout her life and served as the U.S first delegate to the united nations general assembly and later charged the UN’s commission on human rights

Question 14

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Answer 14

leading 19th-century feminist suffrage and abolitionist who along with Lucretia Mott organized the Seneca falls convention Stanton later founded the national woman suffrage association with Susan b Anthony

Question 15

emancipation proclamation

Answer 15

president Abraham Lincoln issued this proclamation on January 1, 1863, in the third year of the civil war. it freed all slaves in states that were in active rebellion against the united states.

Question 16

equal pay act of 1963

Answer 16

legislation that requires employers to pay men and women equal pay for equal work

Question 17

equal protection clause

Answer 17

section of the 14th amendment that guarantees that all citizens receive equal protection of the laws

Question 18

equal rights amendments

Answer 18

proposed amendment to the constitution that states equally of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the united states or any state on account of sex

Question 19

15th amendment

Answer 19

one of three major amendments ratified after the civil war specifically enfranchised newly freed male slaves

Question 20

14th amendment

Answer 20

one of three major amendments ratified after the civil war guarantees equal protection and due process of the law to all U.S citizens

Question 21

Frederick Douglass

Answer 21

a former slave born in the early 1800s who became a leading abolitionist writer and suffragist

Question 22

Grandfather clause

Answer 22

voter qualifications provision in many southern states that allowed only those citizens whose grandfathers had voted before reconstruction to vote unless they passed a wealth or literacy test

Question 23

harriet Tubman

Answer 23

born a slave in Maryland in the early 1820s Tubman escaped to freedom and became a conductor on the underground railroad. she led more than 70 people to freedom in the north served in the union during the civil war and championed women’s suffrage

Question 24

Harry s Truman

Answer 24

the 33rd president of the united states a Democrat served because Roosevelt died in office led the united states through the end of ww2 and the cold war.

Question 25

intermediate standard of review

Answer 25

a standard review in which the court determines whether classifications serve an important governmental objective. Gender-related legislation automatically accorded this level of review

Question 26

jim crow laws

Answer 26

laws enacted by southern states that required segregation in public school theaters hotels and other public accommodations

Question 27

John F Kennedy

Answer 27

35th president a Democrat marked a generational shift in U.S politics at the height of the cold war. He was assassinated November 22, 1963

Question 28

Korematsu v U.S

Answer 28

a supreme court ruling that upheld the authority of the U.S government to require mass internment of people of Japanese ancestry in the United States during world war 2

Question 29

Lawrence v Texas

Answer 29

a 2003 supreme court ruling that anti-sodomy laws violated the constitutional right to privacy

Question 30

league of United Latin American citizens

Answer 30

an activist group founded in 1929 to combat discrimination against and promote assimilation among Americans of Hispanic origin

Question 31

LGBT community

Answer 31

a minority group on sexual orientation and gender identity that includes lesbian gay bisexual and transgender people

Question 32

Lucretia Mott

Answer 32

leading 19th-century feminist suffragist and abolitionists who along with Elizabeth Cady Stanton organized the Seneca falls convention

Question 33

Martin Luther King Jr.

Answer 33

a Baptist minister proponent of nonviolence and the most prominent leader of the civil rights movement of the 1950s and the 1960s. He was assassinated on April 4 1968

Question 34

mexican American legal defense and educational fund

Answer 34

an organization modeled on the NAACP legal defense and educational fund that works to protect the civil rights of Americans of Mexican and other Hispanic heritage

Question 35

National american woman sufferage association

Answer 35

organization created by joining the national and American women suffrage associations

Question 36

national association for the advancement of colored people

Answer 36

an important rights organization founded in 1909 to oppose segregation racism and voting right violations targeted against African Americans

Question 37

NAACP legal defense and educational fund

Answer 37

the legal arm to the NAACP that successfully litigated the landmark cause of brown v board of education and a host of other key civil rights cases

Question 38

national organization for women

Answer 38

the leading activist group for the women’s rights movement especially in the 1960s and 1970s

Question 39

national woman’s party

Answer 39

a militant suffrage organization founded in the early twentieth-century members of the NWP were arrested jailed and even forced fed by authorities when they went of hunger strikes to secure voting rights for women

Question 40

19th amendment

Answer 40

amendment to the constitution passed in 1920 that guaranteed women the right to vote

Question 41

Obergfell v Hodges

Answer 41

supreme court ruling that upheld that same-sex couples have a fundamental right to marry under the constitution

Question 42

plessy v Ferguson

Answer 42

the supreme court case that challenged a Louisiana statute requiring that railroads provide separate accommodations did not violate the equal protection clause of the 14th amendment

Question 43

poll tax

Answer 43

taxes levied in many southern states and localities that had to be paid before an eligible voter cast a ballot

Question 44

progressive era

Answer 44

a period of widespread activism to reform political economic and social ills in the United States

Question 45

rational basis standard of review

Answer 45

a standard of review in which the court determines whether any rational foundation for the discrimination exists. Legislation affecting individuals based on age wealth mental capacity are generally given this level of review.

Question 46

rosa parks

Answer 46

a leading civil rights activist of the twentieth-century parks was most notably involved with the Montgomery bus boycott

Question 47

seneca falls convention

Answer 47

the first major feminist meaning held in NY state 1848 which preceded the historic declaration of sentiments calling for equal rights for women

Question 48

separate but equal doctrine

Answer 48

the center tenet of the Plessy v Ferguson decision that claimed that separate accommodations for blacks and whites did not violate the constitution, used by southern states to pass widespread discriminatory legislation at the end of the 19th century

Question 49

standards of review

Answer 49

the levels of deference the court gives governments to craft policies that make distinctions on the basis of personal characteristics. These standards stem from the courts need to ensure that laws do not undermine the 15th amendments equal protection clause

Question 50

strict scrutiny

Answer 50

a heightened standard of review used by the supreme court to determine the constitutional validity of challenged practice legislation affecting the fundamental freedoms of speech assembly religion and the press as well as suspect classifications are automatically accorded this level of review

Question 51

suffrage movement

Answer 51

the drive for voting rights for women that took place in the united states in the 19th century until ratification of the 19th amendment on 1920

Question 52

susan b Anthony

Answer 52

19th-century feminist suffragist and founder of the national woman suffrage association with Elizabeth Cady Stanton. she later formed the national women suffrage association which helped ensure ratification of the 19th amendment

Question 53

suspect classification

Answer 53

category or class such as the race of fundamental freedom that triggers the highest standard of scrutiny from the supreme court

Question 54

13th amendment

Answer 54

one of three major amendments ratified after the civil war specifically bans slavery in the United States

Question 55

title ix

Answer 55

provision of the education amendments of 197 that bars educational institutions that receive federal funds from discriminating against female students

Question 56

thurgood marshall

Answer 56

a leading civil rights lawyer and the first head of the NAACP’s legal defense and educational fund. Marshall was the first African American appointed to the supreme court and served on the court from 1967 until 1991

Question 57

united states v Windsor

Answer 57

a supreme court ruling striking down the 1996 defense of marriage act which prohibited federal recognition of same-sex marriage