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APGOV.Justin.Hall > APGovCh.3.JustinHall > Flashcards

APGovCh.3.JustinHall Flashcards

1
Q

Confederation

A

National government derives power from the individual states

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2
Q

Iroquois Confederacy

A

Political alliance of American Indian tribes established in the 17th century

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3
Q

Monarchy

A

Form of government where power is vested in hereditary kings and queens who govern entire society

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4
Q

Totalitarianism

A

A form of government in which power resides in leaders who rule by force in their own self interest

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5
Q

Oligarchy

A

A small group of people having control of a country, organization, or institution

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6
Q

Democracy

A

A system of government by the whole population or all the eligible members of a state, typically through elected representatives

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7
Q

Federal System

A

National government and state government share power and derive all authority from the people

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8
Q

Unitary System

A

Is a sovereign state governed as a single entity

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9
Q

Enumerated Powers

A

The powers of the national government specifically granted to Congress in Article I, section 8 of the Constitution

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10
Q

Implied Powers

A

The powers of the national government derived from the enumerated powers and the necessary and proper clause

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11
Q

Tenth Amendment

A

The final part of the Bill of Rights that defines the basic principle of American federalism in stating that the powers not delegated to the national government are reserved to the states or to the people

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12
Q

Reserved Powers

A

Powers reserved to the states by the Tenth Amendment that lie at the foundation of a state’s right to legislate for the public health and welfare of its citizens

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13
Q

Concurrent Powers

A

Powers shared by the national and state governments

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14
Q

Bill of Attainder

A

Law Declaring an act illegal without judicial Trial

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15
Q

Ex Post Facto Law

A

Law that makes an act punishable as a crime even if the action was legal the time it was committed

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16
Q

Full Faith and Credit Clause

A

Addresses the duties that states within the United States have to respect the “public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other state¨

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17
Q

Privileges and Immunities Clause

A

Prevents a state from treating citizens of other states in a discriminatory manner

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18
Q

Extradition Clause

A

Part of Article IV of the Constitution that requires states to extradite, or return, criminals to states where they have been convicted or are to stand trial

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19
Q

Interstate Compacts

A

Contracts between states that carry the force of law

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20
Q

Dillon´s Rules

A

A premise articulated by Judge John F. Dillon in 1868 which states that local governments do not have any inherent sovereignty and instead must be authorized by state governments that can create or abolish them

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21
Q

Charter

A

A document that, like a constitution, specifies the basic policies, procedures, and institutions of local government. Charters for local government must be approved by state legislatures

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22
Q

Counties

A

Basic administrative units of local government

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23
Q

Municipalities

A

City governments created in response to the emergence of relatively densely populated areas

24
Q

Special District

A

Local government that is restricted to a particular functiom

25
Q

John Marshall

A

American politician who served as the fourth Chief Justice of the United States from 1801 to 1835

26
Q

McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)

A

The Supreme Court upheld the power of the national government and denied the right of a state to tax the federal bank, using the Constitution’s supremacy clause. The Court’s broad interpretation of the necessary and proper clause paved the way for later rulings upholding expansive federal powers

27
Q

Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)

A

The Supreme Court upheld broad congressional power to regulate interstate commerce. The Court’s broad interpretation of the Constitution’s commerce clause paved the way for later rulings upholding expansive federal powers

28
Q

Baron v. Baltimore (1833)

A

The Supreme Court ruled that the due process clause of the Fifth Amendment did not apply to the actions of states. This decision limited the Bill of Rights to the actions of Congress alone

29
Q

Roger B. Taney

A

United States jurist who served as chief justice of the United States Supreme Court; remembered for his ruling that slaves and their descendants have no rights as citizens

30
Q

Dual Federalism

A

The belief that having separate and equally powerful levels of government is the best arrangement, often referred to as layer-cake federalism

31
Q

Nullification

A

Belief in the right of a state to declare void a federal law

32
Q

John C. Calhoun

A

The leading southern politician of the early nineteenth century

33
Q

Dredd Scott v. Sandford (1857)

A

The Supreme Court concluded that the U.S. Congress lacked the constitutional authority to bar slavery in the territories. This decision narrowed the scope of national power, while in enhanced that of the states

34
Q

Civil War

A

Military Conflict from 1861 to 1865 in the U.S. between the Northern Forces and Southern Forces

35
Q

Abraham Lincoln

A

16th President of the United States; saved the Union during the American Civil War and emancipated the slaves

36
Q

Secession

A

The action of withdrawing formally from membership of a federation or body, especially a political state

37
Q

Confederate States of America

A

A republic formed in February, 1861, and composed of the 11 Southern states that seceded from the United States in order to preserve slavery and states’ rights

38
Q

Reconstruction

A

1865-1867, period after the Civil War, restoration of the seceded states and the integration of the freedmen into American society

39
Q

Andrew Johnson

A

17th President of the United States, serving from 1865 to 1869

40
Q

Sixteenth Amendment

A

Amendment to the U.S. Constitution that authorized Congress to enact a national income tax

41
Q

Seventeenth Amendment

A

Amendment to the U.S. constitution that made senators directly elected by the people, removing their selection from state legislatures

42
Q

Calvin Coolidge

A

30th President of the United States

43
Q

Herbert Hoover

A

31st President, a Republican, served 1929-1933 during the start of the Great Depression

44
Q

Franklin D. Roosevelt

A

32nd president, a democrat, served from 1933-1945 Took the u.s through the Great Depression and WW2

45
Q

New Deal

A

A series of programs, public work projects, financial reforms and regulations enacted by liberal Democrats led by President Franklin D. Roosevelt

46
Q

Cooperative Federalism

A

National, state, and local governments interact cooperatively and collectively to solve common problems

47
Q

Progressive Federalism

A

Provides states with greater control over issues previously reserved for the federal government

48
Q

Barrack Obama

A

He was the first African American to be elected to the presidency, and was re-elected in 2012 for a second term

49
Q

Categorical Grants

A

Grants that appropriate federal funds to states for a specific purpose

50
Q

Lyndon B. Johnson

A

36th President, Democrat that served from 1964-1969. Led the nation during the Civil RIghts Era and The Vietnam War

51
Q

Great Society

A

Domestic program in the administration of President Lyndon B. Johnson that instituted federally sponsored social welfare programs

52
Q

Ronald Reagan

A

40th President, a Republican who served from 1981-1989. Led nation through end of cold war and his leadership led to a national shift toward political conservatism

53
Q

New Federalism

A

Political philosophy of devolution, or the transfer of certain powers from the United States federal government back to the states

54
Q

Block Grant

A

A grant from a central government that a local authority can allocate to a wide range of services

55
Q

Programmatic Requests

A

Guidance solicited by the House and Senate appropriations subcommittees from Members of Congress

APGOV.Justin.Hall (13 decks)

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