APGovCh.2.Justin Hall

Question 1

Alexander Hamilton

Answer 1

United State statesman and the leader of the Federalists. First Secretary of the Treasury.

Question 2

Anti-Federalists

Answer 2

U.S. citizen that opposed the ratification of the Constitution. They favored strong state governments

Question 3

New World

Answer 3

The Western Hemisphere of Earth, also called the Americas, which was unknown to Europeans before 1492

Question 4

Benjamin Franklin

Answer 4

A brilliant inventor and senior statesman at the constitutional convention who urged colonial unity as early as 1754, twenty-two years before the Declaration of Independence

Question 5

French and Indian War

Answer 5

The American phase of what was called the Seven Years War, fought from 1754 to 1763 between Britain and France with Indian Allies

Question 6

Mercantalism

Answer 6

An economic theory designed to increase a nation´s wealth through the development of commercial industry and a favorable balance of trade

Question 7

Samuel Adams

Answer 7

Cousin of President John Adams and an early leader against the British and loyalist oppressors; he played a key role in developing the Committees of Correspondence and was active in Massachusetts and colonial politics.

Question 8

Stamp Act Congress

Answer 8

A gathering of nine colonial representatives in 1765 in New York City where a detailed list of Crown violations was drafted; first official meeting of the colonies and the first official step toward creating a unified nation.

Question 9

Sons and Daughters of Liberty

Answer 9

Loosely organized groups of patriotic American colonists who were early revolutionaries

Question 10

Crispus Attucks

Answer 10

An African American and first American to die in what became known as the Boston Massacre in 1770

Question 11

First Continental Congress

Answer 11

Meeting help in Philadelphia from September 5 to October 26, 1774, in which fifty-six delegates (from every colony except Georgia) adopted a resolution in opposition to the Coercive Acts

Question 12

Lexington and Concord

Answer 12

The first sites of armed conflict between revolutionaries and British soldiers, remembered for the ¨shot heard round the world¨

Question 13

Second Continental Congress

Answer 13

Meeting that convened in Philadelphia on May 10, 1775, at which it was decided that an army should be raised and George Washington of Virginia was named commander in chief.

Question 14

Thomas Paine

Answer 14

The influential writer of Common Sense, a pamphlet that advocated for independence from Great Britain

Question 15

Common Sense

Answer 15

A pamphlet written by Thomas Paine that challenged the authority of the British government to govern the colonies

Question 16

Thomas Jefferson

Answer 16

Principle drafter of the Declaration of Independence; second vice president of the United States from 1801 to 1809. Co-founder of the Democratic-Republican party created to oppose federalists

Question 17

Declaration of Independence

Answer 17

Documented drafted largely by Thomas Jefferson in 1776 that proclaimed the right of the American colonies to separate from Great Britain

Question 18

Social Contract Theory

Answer 18

Belief that governments exist based on the consent of the governed

Question 19

Political culture

Answer 19

Commonly shared attitudes, behaviors, and core values about how the government should operate

Question 20

Articles of Confederation

Answer 20

Compact between the thirteen original colonies that created a loose league of friendship, with the national government drawing its powers from the states

Question 21

Critical Period

Answer 21

Chaotic period from 1781 to 1789 after the American Revolution during which the former colonies were governed under the Articles of Confederaton

Question 22

Shay´s Rebellion

Answer 22

A rebellion in which an army of 1,500 disgruntled and angry farmers led by Daniel Shays marched to Springfield, Massachusetts, and forcibly restrained the state court from foreclosing mortgages on their farms

Question 23

Constitutional Convention

Answer 23

Meeting in Philadelphia in 1787 that was first intended to revise the Articles of Confederation but produced an entirely new document, the U.S. Constitution

Question 24

George Washington

Answer 24

Widely considered the ¨Father of the nation¨ he was the commander of the revolutionary armies; served as the presiding officer of the Constitutional Convention; and as the United States´ first President from 1789 to 1797

Question 25

Constitution

Answer 25

A document establishing the structure, functions, and limitations of a government

Question 26

Virginia Plan

Answer 26

Proposed framework for the constitution favoring large states. It called for one-house legislature with one vote for each state, a Congress with the ability to raise revenue, and a Supreme Court appointed for life

Question 27

Great Compromise

Answer 27

The final decision of the Constitutional Convention to create a two-house-legislature, with the lower house elected by the people and powers divided between the two houses; also made national law supreme.

Question 28

Three-Fifths Compromise

Answer 28

Agreement reached at the Constitutional Convention stipulating that three-fifths of the total slave population of each state was to be for purposes of determining population for representatives in the u.s. house of reps

Question 29

Electoral College

Answer 29

System established by the Constitution through which the president is chosen by electors from each state, which has as many electoral votes as it has members of congress

Question 30

Montesquieu

Answer 30

French baron and political theorist who first articulated the concept of separation of powers with checks and balances

Question 31

federalism

Answer 31

Distribution of constitutional authority between state govs and the national governments, with different powers and functions exercised by both

Question 32

Separation of powers

Answer 32

Way of dividing the power of government among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches.

Question 33

checks and balances

Answer 33

Constitutionally mandated structure that gives each of the three branches of government some degree of oversight and control over the actions of the others

Question 34

Article I

Answer 34

Vests all legislative powers in Congress and establishes a bicameral legislature

Question 35

Enumerated Powers

Answer 35

The powers of the national government specifically granted to Congress in Article I, section 8 of the constitution.

Question 36

Necessary and Proper Clause

Answer 36

Gives Congress the authority to pass all laws ¨necessary and proper¨ to carry out the enumerated powers specified in the Constitution

Question 37

Implied Powers

Answer 37

The powers of the national government derived from the enumerated powers and the necessary and proper clause

Question 38

Article II

Answer 38

Vests the executive power, that is, the authority to execute the laws of the nation, in a president of the United States

Question 39

Inherent Powers

Answer 39

Powers that belong to the president because they can be inferred from the constitution

Question 40

Article III

Answer 40

Establishes the Supreme Court and defines its jurisdiction.

Question 41

Article IV

Answer 41

Mandates that sates honor the laws and judicial mandates of other states

Question 42

Full Faith and Credit Clause

Answer 42

Section of Article IV ensures that judicial decrees and contracts made in one state will be binding and enforceable in any other state

Question 43

Article V

Answer 43

Specifies how amendments can be added to the constitution

Question 44

Article VI

Answer 44

Contains the supremacy clause, which asserts the basic primacy of the Constitution and national law over state laws and constitutions

Question 45

Supremacy Clause

Answer 45

Portion of Article VI that mandates that national law is supreme over all other laws

Question 46

Federalists

Answer 46

Those who favored a strong government and supported the proposed U.S. Constitution; later became the first political party

Question 47

James Madison

Answer 47

¨Father of the U.S. Constitution¨ Served as fourth President of the United States

Question 48

John Jay

Answer 48

Member of the founding generation who was the first Chief Justice of the United States. A diplomat and co-author of the Federalist papers

Question 49

The Federalist Papers

Answer 49

Series of eighty-five political essays written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay in support of ratification of the U.S. Constitution.

Question 50

Bill of Rights

Answer 50

First 10 amendments to the U.S. Constitution, which largely guarantee specific rights and liberties

Question 51

New Jersey Plan

Answer 51

Framework for the constitution proposed by a group of small states. Called for one house legislature with one vote for each state, a Congress with the ability to raise revenue, and a Supreme Court appointed for life.