APGOV Ch.15 vocab.Kamya.Auberry Flashcards

1
Q

Affordable care Act (ACA)

A

A 2010 law designed to ensure that nearly all Americans would have access to health care coverage, including those living in poverty.

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2
Q

agenda setting

A

The process of formatting the list of issues to be addressed by government.

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3
Q

Board of Governors

A

in the federal reserve system, a seven-member board that makes most economic decisions regarding interest rates and the supply of money; it is led by the federal reserve chair.

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4
Q

budget deficit

A

The economic condition that occurs when expenditures exceed revenues.

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5
Q

charter school

A

semi- public schools that have open admission and receive some support from the government and may also receive private donations to increase the quality of education.

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6
Q

common core

A

A voluntary adopted multi-state approach to setting standards that all students should achieve up through the high school level.

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7
Q

Department of Health and Human Services

A

The cabinet-level department administrating most federal social welfare and health-related policies and programs; it includes the National Institutes for Health (NIH), the centers for disease control and prevention (CDC), and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

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8
Q

depression

A

A severe and long lasing decline in the economy that occurs as investment sags, production falls off, and unemployment increases.

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9
Q

discount rate

A

The rate of interest at which the federal Reserve Board lends money to member banks.

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10
Q

distributive policies

A

Public policies that provide benefits to individuals, groups, communities, or corporations.

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11
Q

entitlement programs

A

Governments benefits that all citizens meeting eligibility criteria - such as age, income level, or unemployment - are legally “entitled” to receive.

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12
Q

Federal Reserve System

A

The organization in the Untied States tasked with such responsibilities as managing the money supply, stabilizing prices, moderating interest rates, and reducing unemployment.

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13
Q

fiscal policy

A

The deliberate use of the national government’s taxing and spending policies to maintain economic stability.

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14
Q

governmental (institutional) agenda

A

problems to which public officials feel obliged to devote active and serious attention.

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15
Q

gross domestic product (GDP)

A

The total market value of all goods and services produced in a country during a year.

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16
Q

inflation

A

A rise in the general price levels of goods and services within an economy.

17
Q

keynesian economics

A

An economic approach first championed by economist John Maynard Keynes in the 1930s , who maintained that spending by government can stimulate economic growth much faster than a free market could on its own.

18
Q

laissez-faire

A

economic philosophy that endorses a very limited role for government in the economy.

19
Q

means-tested programs

A

Programs requiring beneficiaries to have incomes below specified levels to be eligible for benefits; among these are social security insurance (SSI), Temporary Aid to Needy Families, (TANF), and the supplemental Nutrition Assisance program (SNAP), formerly called “food stamps”

20
Q

Medicaid

A

A governmental program that subsidizes medical care for the poor.

21
Q

Medicare

A

The federal program established during Lyndon B. Johnson’s administration that provides medical care to elderly social security recipients.

22
Q

monetary policy

A

A form of government regulation in which the nation’s money supply and interest rates are controlled.

23
Q

national debt

A

The total amount owed by the federal government to is creditors, both domestic and international.

24
Q

No child left behind act (NCLB)

A

Bipartisan education reform bill that employed high standards and measurable goals as a method of improving American education across states; in 2016, it was largely replaced by the Every student succeeds act.

25
Q

non-means-tested programs

A

programs that provide cash assistance to qualified beneficiaries, regardless of income; among these are social security and unemployment insurance.

26
Q

open market operations

A

The buying and selling of government securities by the federal reserve bank.

27
Q

policy adoption

A

The approval of a policy proposal by people with the requisite authority, such as a legislature.

28
Q

policy evaluation

A

The process of determining whether a course of action is achieving its intended goals.

29
Q

policy formulation

A

The crafting of proposed courses of action to resolve public problems.

30
Q

policy implementation

A

the process of carrying out public policy.

31
Q

public policy

A

An intentional course of action or inaction followed by governmental in dealing with some problem or matter of concern.

32
Q

recession

A

A decline in the economy that occurs as investment sags, production falls off, and unemployment increases.

33
Q

redistributive policies

A

public policies that transfer resources from one group to assist another group.

34
Q

regulatory policies

A

public policies that limit the activities of individuals and corporations or prohibit certain types of unacceptable behavior.

35
Q

reserve requirements

A

Government requirements that a portion of member banks’ deposits be retained as backing for their loans.

36
Q

social security act

A

a 1935 law that established old age insurance; assistance for the needy, aged, blind,, and families with dependent children; and unemployment insurance.

37
Q

systemic agenda

A

A set of issues to be discussed or given attention; it consists of all public issues viewed as requiring governmental attention.

38
Q

vouchers

A

Certificates issued by the government that may be applied toward the cost of attending private or other public schools.