APGOV Ch.14 vocab.Kamya.Auberry

Question 1

AFL-CIO

Answer 1

A large labor union founded in 1955 by the merging of the American Federation of Labor (AFL) and its one-time rival the Congress of industrial organizations (CIO)

• The AFL-CIO immediately channeled its energies into pressuring the government to protect concessions won.

Question 2

American Anti-slavery society

Answer 2

A major interest group, founded in 1833, to advocate for the abolition of the institution of slavery throughout the United States.

• William Lloyd Garrison founded the American anti- slavery society in 1833.

Question 3

American Federation of Labor (AFL)

Answer 3

founded in 1886, the AFL brought skilled workers from several trades together into one stronger national organization for the first time. it merged in 1995 with the congress of industrial organizations to form the AFL-CIO.

• Massive lobbying by the American federation of Labor and its members led to passage of the Clayton Act.

Question 4

Christian Coalition

Answer 4

A religious interest group founded in 1989 to advance conservative Christian principles and traditional values in American politics.

• Pat Robertson formed the Christian Coalition in 1989.

Question 5

civic virtue

Answer 5

The tendency to form small- scale associations for the public good.

• Tendency to form small-scale associations for the public good, or civic virtue, creates fertile ground within communities.

Question 6

collective good

Answer 6

Something of value that cannot be withheld from a nonmember of a group, for example, a tax write-off or a better environment.

• The one thing that is universal all over America is the rights to collective good.

Question 7

disturbance theory

Answer 7

The theory that interest groups form as a result of changes in the political system.

• Truman explained the formation of interest groups through disturbance theory.

Question 8

economic interest group

Answer 8

A group with the primary purpose of promoting the financial interests of its members.

• The three largest categories of economic interest groups were business groups.

Question 9

free rider problem

Answer 9

Potential members who fail to join a group because they can get the benefit, or collective good, sought by the group without contributing the effort.

-The downside of one who don’t join work for the benefit to the group still reap the rewards of the groups activity which caused the free rider problem.

Question 10

Honest Leadership and open Government Act of 2007

Answer 10

Lobbying reform banning gifts to members of Congress and their staffs, toughening disclosure requirements, and increasing time limits on moving from the federal government to the private sector.

• Congress attempted to remedy this problem of scandals by passing the honest leadership and open government act.

Question 11

Interest group

Answer 11

A collection of people or organizations that tries to influence public policy.

• The face of interest groups are politics in the United States is constantly changing.

Question 12

Jerry Falwell

Answer 12

A southern Baptist minister who, in 1978, founded the conservative religious interest group the Moral Majority.

• Jerry Falwell founded the first major new religious interest group.

Question 13

lobbying

Answer 13

The activities of a group or organization that seek to persuade political leaders to support the group’s position.

• Most politically active groups use lobbying to make their interests heard and understood by those in a position to influence or change governmental policies.

Question 14

Lobbying disclosure act

Answer 14

A 1995 federal law that employed a strict definition of lobbyist and established strict reporting requirements on the activities of lobbyists.

• Lobbying disclosure act employed a strict definition of lobbyist.

Question 15

lobbyist

Answer 15

Interest group representative who seeks to influence legislation that will benefit his or her organization or client through political and/or financial persuasion.

-The central pacific Railroad sent its own lobbyist to Washington D.C., in 1861.

Question 16

Marian Wright Edelman

Answer 16

A lawyer who in 1973 founded the Children’s defense fund to protect the rights of children, particularly those who are members of disadvantaged groups.

• marian wright edelman who founded the Children’s defense fund.

Question 17

Moral Majority

Answer 17

A conservative religious interest group credited with helping to mobilize conservative Evangelical Christian voters from its founding in 1978 through the presidency of Ronald Reagan (1981- 1989).

• The moral majority was widely credited with assisting in the election of Ronald Reagan.

Question 18

National Association of manufacturers (NAM)

Answer 18

An organization founded in 1895 by manufacturers to combat the growth of organized labor.

• National association of manufacturers first became active politically in 1913 when a major tariff bill was under congressional consideration.

Question 19

National Rifle Association (NRA)

Answer 19

The major gun-rights lobbying group in the United States, which opposes gun control and advances an expansive interpretation of the second Amendment.

• an opponent gun control legislation the national rifle association.

Question 20

Pat Robertson

Answer 20

A southern Baptist minister and television evangelist who ran for president in 1988 and in 1989 founded the conservative religious interest group the christian coalition.

• Pat Robertson filled the dissolving group of the 1980s.

Question 21

patron

Answer 21

A person who finances a group or individual activity.

• Governments, foundations, and wealthy individuals can serve as patrons.

Question 22

pluralist theory

Answer 22

The theory that political power is distributed among a wide array of diverse and competing interest groups.

• Pluralist theory argues that political power is distributed among a wide range of diverse and competing interest groups.

Question 23

Progressive movement

Answer 23

A broad group of political and social activists from the 1890s to the 1920s who opposed corruption in government, supported regulation of monopolies, and sought improvement of socioeconomic conditions.

• Progressive movement were eliminating problems caused by industrialization, urbanization, immigration, and political corruption.

Question 24

political action committee (PAC)

Answer 24

Officially recognized fund- raising organization that represents interest groups and is allowed by federal law to make contributions directly to candidates’ campaigns.

• The federal election Campaign Act made it legal for business, labor unions, and interest groups to form political action committees.

Question 25

Public interest group

Answer 25

An organization that seeks a collective good that if achieved will not selectively and materially benefit group members.

• the term to progressive actually meant and the desire to reform led to explosion of public interest groups.

Question 26

social capital

Answer 26

Cooperative relationships that facilitate the resolution of collective problems.

• Political scientists believe that involvement in community groups and activities with others of like interest enhances the level of social capital.

Question 27

The grange

Answer 27

Founded in 1867 as an educational organization for farmers, The grange evolved into the first truly national interest group by working to protect the political and economic concerns of farming communities and rural ares.

• The grange was created with help from the federal government as an educational society for farmers.

Question 28

trade association

Answer 28

A group that represents a specific industry.

-trade association groups planned elaborate and successful litigation campaigns to overturn key regulations affecting business.

Question 29

transactions theory

Answer 29

The theory that public policies are the result of narrowly defined exchanges or transactions among political actors.

• Transactions theory arose out of criticisms of the pluralist approach.

Question 30

U.S. chamber of commerce

Answer 30

A major pro-business lobbying group founded in 1912.

• the U.S. chamber of commerce represents specific industries, were effective spokesperson for their member companies.

Question 31

Women’s Christian temperance union (WCTU)

Answer 31

A public interest group created in 1874 with the goal of outlawing the sale of liquor. Its activities included prayer groups, protest marchers, lobbying, and the destruction of saloons.

-Women’s christian temperance union had a goal of outlawing the sale of liquor in 1874.