AP10 - The hip joint, gluteal region and thigh

Question 1

What are the primary joints of the pelvic girdle?

Answer 1

1. The sacro-iliac joints

2. The pubic symphysis

Question 2

What is the sacro-iliac joint?

Answer 2

• Strong, weight-bearing compound joints
• Consisting of an anterior synovial joint and posterior syndesmoses
• Limited mobility allowed

Question 3

Where does the posterior syndemoses of the sacro-iliac joint occur between?

Answer 3

Occurs between the tuberosities of bones??

Question 4

Where does the anterior synovial joint of the sacro-iliac joint occur between?

Answer 4

Between the eat-shaped auricular surfaces of the sacrum and ilium, covered with articular cartilage

Question 5

How is the sacro-iliac joint different to most synovial joints

Answer 5

Limited mobility is allowed - which is a consequence of their role in transmitting the weight of most of the body to the hip bones

Question 6

Describe the transfer of weight from the axial skeleton

Answer 6

• Weight transferred from axial skeleton to ilia via sacro-iliac ligaments
• Then to femurs during standing
• To ischial tuberosities during sittig

Question 7

What muscles are in the superficial layer of the gluteal region?

Answer 7

• 3 large ovaerlapping glutei
  1. Gluteus maximus
  2. Gluteus medius
  3. Gluteus minimus
  4. Tensor fasciae latae

Question 8

What muscles are in the deep layer of the gluteal region?

Answer 8

• Smaller muscles covered by the inferior half of the gluteus maximus
  1. Piriformis
  2. Obturator internus
  3. Superior gemeli
  4. Inferior gemeli
  5. Quadratus femoris

Question 9

What is the innervation of the gluteus maximus?

Answer 9

Inferior gluteal nerve

L5, S1, S2

Question 10

What is the innervation of the gluteus medius?

Answer 10

Superior gluteal nerve

L5, S1

Question 11

What is the innervation of the gluteus minimus?

Answer 11

Superior gluteal nerve

L5, S1

Question 12

What is the innervation of the tensor fascia latae?

Answer 12

Superior gluteal nerve

L5, S1

Question 13

What is the innervation of the piriformis?

Answer 13

Branches of anterior rami

S1, S2

Question 14

What is the innervation of the obturator internus?

Answer 14

Nerve to obturator internus

L5, S1

Question 15

What is the innervation of the inferior gemelli?

Answer 15

Same nerve supply as quadratus femoris

- Nerve to quadratus femoris (L5, S1)

Question 16

What is the innervation of the superior gemelli

Answer 16

Same nerve supply as obturator internus (L5, S1)

Question 17

What are the 3 bursae associated with the gluteus maximus?

Answer 17

1. The trochanteric bursa
2. The ischial bursa
3. The gluteofemoral bursa

Question 18

What does the trochanteric bursa separate?

Answer 18

Separates the superior fibres of the gluteus maximus from the greater trochanter

Question 19

What does the ischial bursa separate?

Answer 19

Separates the inferior part of the gluteus maximus from the ischial tuberosity; it is often absent

Question 20

What does the gluteofermoral bursa separate?

Answer 20

Separates the iliotibial tract from the superior part of the proximal attachment of the vastus lateralis

Question 21

What are the muscles of the posterior thigh?

Answer 21

1. Semitendinosus
2. Semimembranosus
3. Biceps femoris

Question 22

What are the terminal nerves found in the lumbosacral plexus?

Answer 22

1. Iliohypogastric
2. Ilioinguinal
3. Genitofemoral
4. Lateral cutaneous
5. Femoral
6. Obturator