AP05 - Elbow, wrist and hand Flashcards
What are the muscles of the anterior compartment of the forearm in the superficial layer?
- Pronator teres
- Humeral head
- Ulnar head - Flexor carpai radialis
- Palmaris longus
- Flexor carpi ulnaris
- Humeral head
- Ulnar head
What is the innervation of the pronator teres muscle?
Median nerve (C6-C7)
What is the innervation of the flexor carpi radialis?
Median nerve (C6-C7)
What is the innervation of the flexor carpi ulnaris?
Ulnar nerve (C7-C8)
What is the innervation of the palmaris longus?
Median nerve (C7-C8)
Where is the proximal attachment of the ulnar head of the pronator teres?
Coronoid process
Where is the proximal attachment of the humeral head of the pronator teres?
Medial epicondyle of humerus (common flexor origin)
Where is the proximal attachment of the palmaris longus?
Medial epicondyle of humerus (common flexor origin)
Where is the proximal attachment of the ulnar head of the flexor carpi ulnaris?
Olecranon and posterior border of ulna (via aponeurosis)
Where is the proximal attachment of the humeral head of the flexor carpi ulnaris?
Medial epicondyle of humerus (common flexor origin)
Where is the distal attachment of the ulnar head of the pronator teres?
Middle of convexity of lateral surface of radius
Where is the distal attachment of the humeral head of the pronator teres?
Middle of convexity of lateral surface of radius
Where is the distal attachment of the flexor carpi radialis?
Base of 2nd metacarpal
Where is the distal attachment of the ulnar head of the flexor carpi ulnaris?
Pisiform, hook of hamate, 5th metacarpal
Where is the distal attachment of the palmaris longus?
Distal half of flexor retinaculum and apex of palmar aponeurosis
What are the muscles of the anterior compartment of the forearm in the intermediate layer?
- Flexor digitorum superficialis
- Humero-ulnar head
- Radial head
Where is the proximal attachment of the humero-ulnar head of the flexor digitorum superficialis?
Medial epicondyle (Common flexor origin and coronoid process)
Where is the proximal attachment of the radial head of the flexor digitorum superficialis?
Superior half of anterior border`
Where is the distal attachment of the flexor digitorum superficialis
Shafts of middle phalanges of medial four digits
What is the innervation of the flexor digitorum superficialis
Median nerve (C7, C8 and T1)
What are the muscles of the anterior compartment of the forearm in the deep layer?
- Flexor digitorum profundus
- Medial part
- Lateral part - Flexor pollicis longus
- Pronator quadratus
What is the innervation of the medial part of the flexor digitorum profundus?
Ulnar nerve (C8,T1)
What is the innervation of the lateral part of the flexor digitorum profundus?
Ant interosseous nerve from median nerve (C8,T1)
What is the innervation of the flexor pollicis longus?
Ant interosseous nerve from median nerve (C8,T1)
What is the innervation of the pronator quadratus?
Ant interosseous nerve from median nerve (C8,T1)
Where is the proximal attachment of the medial part of the flexor digitorum profundus?
Proximal 3/4 of medial and anterior surfaces of ulna and interosseous membrane
Where is the proximal attachment of the lateral part of the flexor digitorum profundus?
Proximal 3/4 of medial and anterior surfaces of ulna and interosseous membrane
Where is the proximal attachment of the flexor pollicis longus?
Ant surface of radius and adjacent interosseous membrane
Where is the proximal attachment of the pronator quadratus
Distal quarter of anterior surface or ulna
Where is the distal attachment of the lateral part of the flexor digitorum profundus?
Bases of distal phalanges of 2nd and 3rd digits
Where is the distal attachment of the medial part of the flexor digitorum profundus?
Bases of distal phalanges of 4th and 5th digits
Where is the distal attachment of the flexor pollicis longus?
Base of distal phalanx of thumb
Where is the distal attachment of the pronator quadratus
Distal quarter of anterior surface of radius
What are the muscles in the superficial layer of the posterior compartment of the forearm?
- Brachioradialis
- Exntensor carpi radialis longus
- Extensor carpi radialis brevis
- Exnesor digitorum
- Extensor digitiminimi
- Extensor carpi ulnaris
- Anconeus
Where is the proximal attachment of the brachioradilis?
Proximal 2/3 of supra-epicondylar ridge of humerus
Where is the proximal attachment of the extensor carpi radialis longus?
Lateral supra-epicondylar ridge of humerus
Where is the proximal attachment of the extensor carpi radialis brevis?
Lateral epicondyle of humerus (common extensor origin)
Where is the proximal attachment of the extensor digitorum?
Lateral epicondyle of humerus (common extensor origin)
Where is the proximal attachment of the extensor digiti minimi?
Lateral epicondyle of humerus (common extensor origin)
Where is the proximal attachment of the extensor carpi ulnaris?
Lateral epicondyle of humerus; posterior border of ulna via a shared aponeurosis
What are the muscles of the deep layer of the posterior compartment of the forearm?
- Supinator
- Extensor indicis
- Abductor pollicis longus
- Extensor pollicis longus
- Extensor pollicis brevis
Where is the proximal attachment of the supinator
Lateral epicondyle of humerus; radial collateral and anular ligaments; supinator fossa; crest of ulna
Where is the proximal attachment of the extensor indicis
Posterior surface of distal third of ulna and interosseous membrane
Where is the proximal attachment of the abductor pollicis longus
Posterior surface of proximal halves of ulna, radius, and interosseous membrane
Where is the proximal attachment of the extensor pollicis longus
Posterior surface of middle third of ulna and interosseous membrane
Where is the proximal attachment of the extensor pollicis brevis?
Posterior surface of distal third of radius and interosseous membrane
Where is the distal attachment of the supinator?
Lateral, posterior and anterior surfaces of proximal third of radius
Where is the distal attachment of the extensor indicis?
Extensor expansion of 2nd digit
Where is the distal attachment of the abductor pollicis longus?
Base of 1st metacarpal
Where is the distal attachment of the extensor pollicis longus?
Dorsal aspect of base of distal phalanx of thumb
Where is the distal attachment of the extensor pollicis brevis?
Dorsal aspect of base of proximal phalanx of thumb
What is the innervation of the supinator?
Deep branch of radial nerve (C7, C8)
What is the innervation of the extensor indicis?
Posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8), continuation of deep branch of radial nerve
What is the innervation of the extensor pollicis longus?
Posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8), continuation of deep branch of radial nerve
What is the innervation of the extensor pollicis brevis?
Posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8), continuation of deep branch of radial nerve
What is the innervation of the abductor pollicis longus?
Posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8), continuation of deep branch of radial nerve
What are the bones of the carpals?
- Scaphoid
- Lunate
- Trapezoid
- Trapezium
- Triquetrum
- Pisiform
- Hamate
- Capitate
What are the different groups of intrinsic muscles of the hand?
- Thenar muscles
- Hypothenar muscles
- Short muscles
- Lumbricals
- Interossei
What are the thenar muscles of the hand?
- Opponens pollicis
- Abductor pollicis brevis
- Flexor pollicis brevis
- Superficial head
- Deep head - Adductor pollicis
- Oblique head
- Transverse head
What are the hypothenar muscles of the hand?
- Abductor digiti minimi
- Flexor digiti minimi brevis
- Opponens digiti
What are the short muscles of the hand?
- Lumbricals
- 1st and 2nd
- 3rd and 4th - Dorsal interossei
- Palmar interossei
Where is the proximal attachment of the opponens pollicis?
Flexor retinaculum and tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium
Where is the proximal attachment of the abductor pollicis brevis
Flexor retinaculum and tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium
Where is the proximal attachment of the superficial head of the flexor pollicis brevis
Flexor retinaculum and tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium
Where is the proximal attachment of the deep head of the flexor pollicis brevis
Flexor retinaculum and tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium
Where is the proximal attachment of the oblique head of the adductor pollicis
Bases of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals, capitate and adjacent carpals
Where is the proximal attachment of the transverse head of the adductor pollicis
Anterior surface of shaft of 3rd metacarpal
Where is the proximal attachment of the abductor digiti minimi?
Pisiform
Where is the proximal attachment of the flexor digiti minimi brevis
Hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum
Where is the proximal attachment of the opponens digiti?
Hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum
Where is the proximal attachment of the 1st and 2nd lumbricals?
Lateral two tendons of flexor digitorum profundus (as unipennate muscles)
Where is the proximal attachment of the 3rd and 4th lumbricals?
Medial three tendons of flexor digitorum profundus (as bipennate muscles)
Where is the proximal attachment of the dorsal interosse (1st -4th)
Adjacent sides of two metacarpals (as bipennate muscles)
Where is the proximal attachment of the palmar interossei (1st -3rd)
Palmar surfaces of 2nd, 4th and 5th metacarpals (As unipennate muscles)
