AP Psychology - Social Psychology Flashcards

1
Q

attribution theory

A

explaining a person’s behavior for their situation or disposition

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2
Q

situational attribution

A

blaming circumstance or external factors for one’s behavior

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3
Q

dispositional attribution

A

blaming the person’s character for their behavior

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4
Q

fundamental attribution error

A

tendency for observers to underestimate the impact of the situation or personal disposition (overestimating personality, underestimate situation)

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5
Q

attitude

A

feelings, influenced by beliefs, that predispose us to respond in a particular way to objects, people, and events

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6
Q

peripheral route persuasion

A

people are influenced by incidental cues like someone’s attractiveness or scent, emotional appeal for persuading

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7
Q

central route persuasion

A

interested people focus on the arguments and respond with favorable thoughts, using facts to persuade someone

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8
Q

foot-in-the-door phenomenon

A

tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request

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9
Q

door-in-the-face phenomenon

A

starting by stating a large request but ultimately wanting a smaller request (easy to say yes to)

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10
Q

role

A

set of expectations (norms) about a social position, defining how those in the position should behave

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11
Q

cognitive dissonance theory

A

we act to reduce discomfort we feel when two of our thoughts are inconsistent

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12
Q

defensive attribution

A

tendency to blame victims for their own misfortune, “asking for it”

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13
Q

automatic mimicry

A

helps us empathize with what others are feeling (we are happy around happy people)

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14
Q

conformity

A

adjusting our behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard

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15
Q

normative social influence

A

influence resulting from a person’s desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval

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16
Q

informational social influence

A

influence resulting from one’s willingness to accept others’ opinions about reality

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17
Q

social facilitation

A

improved performance on simple or well-learned tasks in the presence of others (enthusiastic audience, home team winning = 50% and higher)

18
Q

social loafing

A

the tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable

19
Q

deindividuation

A

the loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity

20
Q

group polarization

A

the enhancement of a group’s prevailing inclinations through discussion

21
Q

groupthink

A

mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives

22
Q

conformity

A

changing behavior to match a group

23
Q

obedience

A

following an explicit order from authority (Milgram shock experiment)

23
Q

obedience

A

following an explicit order from authority (Milgram shock experiment)

24
compliance
following a suggestion or request
25
mere exposure effect
the tendency for people to prefer things they are familiar with
26
altruism
unselfish regard for the welfare of others
27
bystander effect
tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present
28
social exchange theory
social behavior is an exchange process, maximize benefits and minimize costs
29
reciprocity norm
expectation that people with help those who have helped them
30
social-responsibility norm
expectation that people will help those needing their help
31
conflict
incompatibility of actions, goals, or ideas
32
social trap
situation in which the conflicting parties, by each rationally pursuing their self-interest rather than the good of the group, become caught in mutually destructive behavior
33
mirror-image perception
mutual views often held by conflicting people, as when each side sees itself as ethical and views the other side as evil
34
self-fulfilling prophecy
a belief that leads to its own fulfillment
35
superordinate goals
shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation
36
frustration-aggression hypothesis
people become aggressive when blocked from goal
37
aggression
behavior intended to hurt or destroy someone, something, or even yourself
38
realistic conflict theory
conflict happens when you combine negative prejudices with competition over resources
39
ethnocentrism
viewing other cultures thought your own lens, judging based on what is socially acceptable in your culture
40
scapegoat
an outlet for prejudice, aggression towards someone (blaming)