AP Psychology Final FRQ Terms

Question 1

lobes of the brain

Answer 1

frontal - speaking, muscle movements, making plans/judgements
temporal - receiving information from opposite ear (hearing and language)
parietal - sensory information

Question 2

conformity

Answer 2

changing one’s behavior to fit into a group’s standard

Question 3

parenting styles

Answer 3

authoritarian - high demandingness, low responsiveness
permissive - low demandingness, high responsiveness
authoritative - high demandingness, high responsiveness

Question 4

nervous systems

Answer 4

central - brain and spinal cord
peripheral - sensory and motor neurons that connect CNS to internal organs and glands
automatic - glandular activity, heartbeat, digestion
somatic - skeletal nervous system
sympathetic - arouses body
parasympathetic - calms body

Question 5

REBT (Rational emotive behavior therapy)

Answer 5

identifying irrational beliefs that lead to emotional or behavioral issues

Question 6

Erik Erikson’s Stages of Man

Answer 6

Infancy - Trust vs. Mistrust
Toddlerhood - Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
Preschool - Initiative vs. Guilt
Elementary - Industry vs. Inferiority
Adolescence - Identity vs. Confusion
Young Adulthood - Intimacy vs. Isolation
Middle Adulthood - Generativity vs. Stagnation
Late Adulthood - Integrity vs. Despair

Question 7

fundamental attribution error

Answer 7

underestimating situation and overestimating character when explaining behavior

Question 8

Maslow Hierarchy of Needs

Answer 8

physiological, safety, love and belonging, esteem, self-actualization

Question 9

Yerkes Dodson Theory

Answer 9

performance quality increases with mental arousal (stress) but only up to a point

Question 10

Circadian Rhythm

Answer 10

the internal process that regulates the sleep-wake cycle and repeats every 24 hours

Question 11

Modeling (Bandura)

Answer 11

observational learning, kids were more aggressive with bobo dolls when they saw others being aggressive with it

Question 12

Locus of Control

Answer 12

internal - taking responsibility for one’s own actions
external - blaming factors outside of your control for your own circumstances

Question 13

negative reinforcement

Answer 13

remove stimulus to strengthen wanted response

Question 14

defense mechanisms

Answer 14

repression, regression, displacement, sublimation, reaction formation, projection, rationalization, intellectualization, identification, denial

Question 15

systematic desensitization

Answer 15

treating phobias, patient is exposed to progressively more anxiety-provoking stimuli and taught relaxation techniques

Question 16

validity

Answer 16

p value - used for experiments, less than 5% = confident that independent variable shows statistical significance
r value - correlation, -1 = negative correlation direction, 1 = positive correlation direction, predicting one another

Question 17

diathesis stress model

Answer 17

amount of stress vs. predisposition to mental illness

Question 18

nuture

Answer 18

characteristics influenced by environmental factors rather than biological

Question 19

token economy

Answer 19

learner earns rewards when displaying a desired behavior

Question 20

general adaptation syndrome

Answer 20

alarm, resistance, and exhaustion

Question 21

self fulfilling prophecy

Answer 21

expectations that are expected of you and beliefs you have toward yourself and your actions

Question 22

brain hemispheres

Answer 22

left - speech, comprehension, arithmetic, and writing
right - creativity, spatial ability, artistic, and musical skills

Question 23

divergent thinking

Answer 23

expands number of possible solutions (creative thinking)

Question 24

triarchic theory (Sternburg)

Answer 24

analytical, creative, practical

Question 25

shaping

Answer 25

method of increasing a targeted behavior through reinforcement

Question 26

overconfidence

Answer 26

tendency to overestimate the accuracy of one’s beliefs or judgments

Question 27

Rogerian Therapy

Answer 27

humanistic approach, client-based, unconditional positive regard

Question 28

narcissism

Answer 28

an unreasonably high sense of their own importance, they need and seek too much attention and want people to admire them

Question 29

self-efficacy

Answer 29

an individual’s belief in their capacity to act in the ways necessary to reach specific goals

Question 30

belief perseverance

Answer 30

the inability of people to change their own beliefs even upon receiving new information or facts that contradict or refute that belief

Question 31

self-serving bias

Answer 31

positive outcome = proud of one’s ability
negative outcome = blame external factors

Question 32

semantic memory

Answer 32

long-term memory involving the capacity to recall words, concepts, or numbers

Question 33

selective attention

Answer 33

the processes that allow an individual to select and focus on particular input for further processing while simultaneously suppressing irrelevant or distracting information

Question 34

Kohlburg’s Theory of Morality

Answer 34

pre-conventional, conventional, post-conventional

Question 35

Gardner’s multiple intelligences

Answer 35

musical, interpersonal, intrapersonal, bodily-kinesthetic, visual-spatial, naturalistic, logical, linguistic