AP Psychology - Development

Question 1

maturation

Answer 1

biological growth process, changes in behavior, uninfluenced by experience

Question 2

motor development

Answer 2

sit –> crawl –> walk –> run

Question 3

brain maturation and infant memory

Answer 3

early conscious memory = 3 1/2 years old
childhood amnesia goes away at 4 to 6 to 8 years old
hippocampus and frontal lobes develop into adolescence

Question 4

newborn reflexes

Answer 4

rooting (finding food near mouth), swallowing, sucking, babinski (toes flexing when bottom foot is stroked), stepping, moro (startle), grasping

Question 5

critical period

Answer 5

the essential time when infants and children learn certain things at certain times (language)

Question 6

schema

Answer 6

concept that organizes/interprets information

Question 7

assimilate

Answer 7

interpret to our current understanding

Question 8

accommodate

Answer 8

incorporate information provided by new experiences

Question 9

autism spectrum disorder

Answer 9

deficiency in communication and social interaction

Question 10

sensorimotor stage of development

Answer 10

0-2 years old, object permanence, stranger anxiety

Question 11

preoperational stage of development

Answer 11

2-6 years old, pretend play, egocentrism, language development, no logical reasoning

Question 12

concrete operational stage of development

Answer 12

7-11 years old, conservation (concept of mass, volume, numbers, etc.), mathematical transformations

Question 13

formal operational stage of development

Answer 13

12-adulthood, abstract logic, potential for moral reasoning

Question 14

authoritarian parenting

Answer 14

imposing rules and expected obedience, responsiveness = low, demandingness = high

Question 15

permissive parenting

Answer 15

submit to children’s desires, responsiveness = high, demandingness = low

Question 16

authoritative parenting

Answer 16

setting rules but allowing open discussion, responsiveness = high, demandingness = high

Question 17

uninvolved/detached parenting

Answer 17

limited energy, attachment issues, responsiveness = low, demandingness = low

Question 18

self-concept

Answer 18

thoughts and feelings about ourselves

Question 19

private speech

Answer 19

talk to self

Question 20

inner speech

Answer 20

talking in head

Question 21

Harlow

Answer 21

comfort vs. nourishment (monkey test)

Question 22

Hall

Answer 22

storm and stress, teenage development

Question 23

Mead

Answer 23

easy transition, teenage development

Question 24

Erikson

Answer 24

identity vs. role confusion, basic trust theory - world is predictable and trustworthy

Question 25

avoidant insecure attachment

Answer 25

content with attention from anyone

Question 26

anxious-resistant insecure attachment

Answer 26

angry at caregiver for leaving

Question 27

imprinting

Answer 27

forming strong attachments during early critical periods

Question 28

Whorf

Answer 28

linguistic relativity - language determines thinking

Question 29

Skinner

Answer 29

language is learned through association

Question 30

Chomsky

Answer 30

universal grammar theory

Question 31

Vygotsky

Answer 31

culture and education influences language and social development

Question 32

More Knowledgeable Other

Answer 32

someone that can help a learner

Question 33

Zone of Proximal Development

Answer 33

learner can do without assistance and what a learner can do with assistance

Question 34

preconventional morality

Answer 34

self interest, obey rules (before age 9)

Question 35

conventional morality

Answer 35

uphold rules to gain social approval (early adolescence)

Question 36

postconventional morality

Answer 36

actions reflect belief in basic rights (adolescence and up)