AP Gov ch.6 Mariana Sanchez-Monke Flashcards
Apportionment
The process of allotting congressional seats to each state according to its proportion of the population, following the decennial census
The Ohio Apportionment Board draws state legislative district lines in Ohio.
Bicameral Legislature
A two-house legislature
A bicameral legislature consisted of a representatives, apportioned by population of each county.
Bill
A proposed law
He has championed civil rights bills and blocked gun control measures.
Cloture
Mechanism requiring the vote of sixty senators to cut off debate
Cloture was filed on his nomination on May 6, 2014.
Committee of the Whole
A procedure by which the senator asks to be informed before a particular bill or nomination is brought to the floor
Alternatively, the bill may be recommitted for consideration by the Committee of the Whole.
Conference Committee
Special joint committee created to reconcile differences in bills passed by the House of Senate
They feared opponents on the conference committee would have stonewalled the legislation.
Congressional budget act of 1974
Act that established the congressional budgetary process by laying out a plan for congressional action on the annual budget resolution, appropriations, and any other revenue bills
The genesis of baseline budget projections can be found in the Congressional Budget Act of 1974.
Congressional Budget Office
Created in 1974, CBO provides Congress with evaluations of the potential economic effects proposed spending policies and also analyzes the presidents budget and economic projections
The Congressional Budget Office continues to analyze proposed Senate and House bills.
Congressional Research Office
Provides information, studies and research in support of the work of congress and prepares summaries and tracks the progress of all bill
Congressional Review
A process whereby Congress can nullify agency regulations within 60-day window by passing a joint resolution of legislative approval
Delegate
Role played by representative who votes the way his or her constituents would want, regardless of personal opinions
Volunteering means telephoning, committee meetings, and “ delegating.
Discharge Petition
Petition that gives a majority of the H.O.R the authority to bring an issue to the floor in the face of committee inaction
The discharge petition was not successfully used again until 2015.
Divided Government
The political condition in which different political parties control the presidency and at least one house of congress
In divided government, congressional majorities are frustrated by the president’s veto power
Edmund Burke
Conservative British political philosopher who articulated the view that elected representatives should act as “trustees” and use their own best judgement when voting
This was Edmund Burke’s paternalistic doctrine that colonial government was a trust.
Filibuster
A former way of halting Senate action on a bill by means of long speeches or unlimited debate
Filibusters and super-majorities are antithetical to orderly representative government.
Gerrymandering
The drawing of congressional districts to produce a particular electoral outcome without regard to the shape of the district
Gerrymandering has made it easier for incumbents to keep their seats.
Government Accountability Office
Independent regulatory agency for the purpose of auditing the financial expenditures of the executive branch and federal agencies
The Government Accountability Office found that many estimated figures were unreliable.
Hillary Clinton
First female major party candidate for president of the United States, A democrat who ran against president D. Trump
Hillary Clinton was a running candidate against Donald Trump.
Hold
Procedure by which the senator asks to be informed before a particular bill or nomination is brought to the floor
A hold is almost like a filibuster, where it holds back a bill from moving forward an/or considered.
House Committee on rules
Determines the scheduling and conditions, such as the length of debate and type of allowable amendments, for all bills in the H.O.R
It is the House Committee on Rules, not the subcommittee on rules and organizations.
Impeachment
The power delegated to the H.O.R in the constitution to charge the president, V.P or other civil officers including federal judges with “treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors.” First step to removing government officials from office.
Clinton did not mention the impeachment question in the radio speech.
Incumbency
Already holding and office
Male incumbency has historically posed an insurmountable barrier for women challengers.
Joint Committee
Includes members from both houses of congress set up to conduct investigations or special studies
The Joint Committee on Reconstruction was not revived in the next Congress.
Logrolling
Vote Trading; voting to support a colleagues bill in return for a promise of future support
This kind of interdivisional logrolling has been the status quo for some time.
Majority Leader
Head of the party controlling most seats in the H.O.R or the senate; is second in authority to the speaker of the house and in the senate is regarded as its most powerful member
A true majority party in America reaches out to all Americans.
Majority Party
Political party in each house of congress with the most members
A true majority party in America reaches out to all Americans.
Markup
A session in which committee members offer changes to a bill before it goes to the floor
It’s not the kind of environment that invites markups.
Minority Leader
Head of the party with the second highest number of elected representatives in the H.O.R or the senate
NAFTA works, no matter what House Minority Leader Richard Gephardt claims.
Minority party
Political party in each house of Congress with the second most members
The Labor opposition can combine with minority parties to block legislation.
Party Caucus
A formal Gathering of all party members
The party caucuses in Parliament also have been formally declaring themselves.
Pocket Veto
If congress adjourns during the ten days the president has to consider a bill passed by both the houses of congress, the bill is considered vetoed without the presidents signature
He has no line-item veto authority, and the pocket veto was ruled unconstitutional.
Politico
An elected representative who acts as a trustee or as a delegate, depending on the issue
Must be willing to be buffeted about unmercifully by clueless politicos.
Pork
Legislation that allows representatives to bring money and jobs to their districts in the form of public works programs, military basis, or other programs
I love Pork.
President pro tempore
The official chair of the Senate; usually the most senior member of the majority party
In 1887 Ingalls was elected President pro tempore of the Senate.
Programmatic Requests
Federal funds designated for special projects within a state or congressional district
A programmatic request, sometimes referred to as a Member request, is guidance solicited by the House and Senate appropriations subcommittees from Members of Congress.
Reconciliation
A procedure that allows consideration of controversial issues affecting the budget by limiting debate to twenty hours
No to violence, no to vengeance, yes to reconciliation.
Redistricting
The process of redrawing congressional districts to reflect increases or decreases in seats allotted to the states, as well as population shifts within a state
Philadelphia is an example of the implications of sampling for redistricting.
Richard M. Nixon
The 37th president, a republican who served from 1969 through 1974. Advocated detente during the Cold War and resigned rather than face impeachment and likely removal from office due to Watergate scandal
Richard M. Nixon was elected the 37th President of the United States (1969-1974) after previously serving as a U.S. Representative and a U.S. Senator from California.
Select Committee
Temporary committee appointed for a specific purpose
Currently on Committee on National Security and Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence.
Senatorial Courtesy
Process by which presidents generally allow senators from the state in which a judicial vacancy occurs to block a nomination by simply registering their objection
It is a means through which the practice of senatorial courtesy is carried out.
Seniority
Time of continuous service on a committee
The union wants workers to keep their jobs based on seniority.
Speaker of the House
Only officer of H.O.R specifically mentioned in the constitution’ the chambers most powerful position; traditionally a member of majority party
He served as the House majority leader, not speaker of the House.
Standing Committee
Committee to which proposed bills are referred; continue from one Congress to the next
The jurisdiction of each standing committee is specified in the House Rules.
Trustee
Role played by an elected representative who listens to constituents opinions and then uses his or her best judgement to make a final decision
He appointed Clifford, an old friend, as a trustee.
Unified Government
The political condition in which the same political party controls the presidency and Congress
A stable, unified government must emerge from the present conflict.
Veto
Formal constitutional authority of the president to reject bills passed by both houses of Congress, thus preventing them from becoming law without further congressional action
Republican strategists know that a veto fight is hard to win.
War Powers Resolution
President is limited in the deployment of troops overseas to a sixty day period in peacetime unless congress explicitly gives its approval for a longer period
These powers are in ongoing conflict, as seen by the War Powers Resolution of 1973.
Whip
Party leader who keeps close contact with all members of his or her party. takes vote counts on key legislation, prepares summaries of bills, and acts as a communications link within a party
Labour indicated there would be little meaningful sanction against those who defied the party whip on Cooper on Tuesday night.
