AP Gov ch.15 Mariana Sanchez-Monke Flashcards

1
Q

Affordable Care Act (ACA)

A

A 2010 law designed to ensure that nearly all Americans would have access to health care coverage, including those living in poverty

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2
Q

public policy

A

An intentional course of action or inaction followed by government in dealing with some problem or matter of concern

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3
Q

distributive policies

A

Public policies that provide benefits to individuals, groups, communities, or corporations

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4
Q

regulatory policies

A

Public policies that limit the activities of individuals and corporations or prohibit certain types of unacceptable behavior

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5
Q

Redistributive policies

A

Public policies that transfer resources from one group to assist another group

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6
Q

Systemic agenda

A

A set of issues to be discussed or given attention; it consists of all public issues viewed as requiring governmental attention

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7
Q

governmental (institutional) agenda

A

Problems to which public officials feel obliged to devote active and serious attention

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8
Q

agenda setting

A

The process of forming the list of issues to be addressed by government

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9
Q

policy formulation

A

The crafting of proposed courses of action to resolve public problems

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10
Q

policy adoption

A

The approval of a policy proposal by people with the requisite authority, such as a legislature

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11
Q

policy implementation

A

The process of carrying out public policy

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12
Q

policy evaluation

A

The process of determining whether a course of action is achieving its intended goals

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13
Q

fiscal policy

A

The deliberate use of the national government’s taxing and spending policies to maintain economic stability

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14
Q

national debt

A

The total amount owed by the federal government to its creditors, both domestic and international

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15
Q

laissez-faire

A

Economic philosophy that endorses a very limited role for government in the economy

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16
Q

Recession

A

A decline in the economy that occurs as investment sags, production falls off, and unemployment increases

17
Q

Depression

A

A severe and long lasting decline in the economy that occurs as investment sags, production falls off, and unemployment increases

18
Q

Keynesian economics

A

An economic approach first championed by economist John Maynard Keynes in the 1930s, who maintained that spending by government can stimulate economic growth much faster than a free market could on its own

19
Q

Inflation

A

A rise in the general price levels of goods and services within the economy

20
Q

budget deficit

A

The economic condition that occurs when expenditures exceed revenues

21
Q

gross domestic product (GPD)

A

The total market value of all goods and services produced in a country during a year

22
Q

monetary policy

A

A form of government regulation in which the nation’s money supply and interest rates are controlled

23
Q

Federal Reserve System

A

The organization in the United States tasked with such responsibilities as managing the money supply, stabilizing prices, moderating interest rates, and reducing unemployment

24
Q

Board of Governors

A

In the Federal Reserve System, a seven-member board that makes most economic decisions regarding interest rates and the supply of money; it is led by the Federal Reserve chair

25
Q

open market operations

A

The buying and selling of government securities by the Federal Reserve Bank

26
Q

discount rate

A

The rate of interest at which the Federal Reserve Board lends money to member banks

27
Q

reserve requirements

A

Government requirements that a portion of member banks’ deposits be retained as backing for their loans

28
Q

Medicare

A

The federal program established during Lyndon B. Johnson’s administration that provides medical care to elderly Social Security recipients

29
Q

Department of Health and Human Services (HHS)

A

The cabinet- level department administering most federal social welfare and health-related policies and programs; it includes the National Institutes for Health (NH), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

30
Q

Medicaid

A

A government program that subsidizes medical care for the poor
No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) = Bipartisan education reform bill that employed high standards and measurable goals as a method of improving American education across states; in 2016, it was largely replaced by the Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA)

31
Q

Common Core

A

A voluntarily adopted multi-state approach to setting the standards that all students should achieve up through the high-school level

32
Q

Vouchers

A

Certificates issued by the government that may be applied toward the cost of attending private or other public schools

33
Q

charter schools

A

Semi-public schools that have open admission and receive some support from the government and may also receive private donations to increase the quality of education

34
Q

Social Security Act

A

A 1935 law that established old age insurance; assistance for the needy, aged, blind, and families with dependent children; and employment insurance

35
Q

entitlement programs

A

Government benefits that all citizens meeting eligibility criteria - such as age, income level, or unemployment - are legally “entitled” to receive

36
Q

No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB)

A

Bipartisan education reform bill that employed high standards and measurable goals as a method of improving American education across states; in 2016, it was largely replaced by the Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA)

37
Q

non- means-tested programs

A

Programs that provide cash assistance to qualified beneficiaries, regardless of income; among these are Social Security and unemployment insurance

38
Q

means-tested programs

A

Programs requiring beneficiaries to have incomes below specified levels to be eligible for benefits; among these are Social Security Insurance (SSI), Temporary Aid to Needy Families (TANF), and the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), formerly called “food stamps”