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APGOVSUM18marianasanchez > AP Gov ch.2 Mariana Sanchez-Monke > Flashcards

AP Gov ch.2 Mariana Sanchez-Monke Flashcards

1
Q

Alexander Hamilton

A

A key framer who envisioned a powerful central government , co-authored the Federalist Papers, and served as the first secretary of the Treasury

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2
Q

Anti-Federalist

A

Those who favored strong state governments and a weak national government; opposed ratification of the U.S constitution.

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3
Q

Article I

A

Legislative Branch - Organizations, powers, and restraints

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4
Q

Article II

A

Executive Branch - Powers, duties, restraints, and election of the President

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5
Q

Article III

A

Judicial Branch - Powers, restraints, and the definition of Treason

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6
Q

Article IV

A

Mandates the states honor of the laws and judicial proceedings of other states. Includes the mechanisms for admitting new states to the union.`

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7
Q

Article V

A

Specifies how amendments can be added to the constitution

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8
Q

Article VI

A

Contains the supremacy clause, which asserts the basic primacy of the constitution and national law over state laws and constitutions.

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9
Q

Articles of Confederation

A

A written agreement ratified in 1781 by the thirteen original states

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10
Q

Benjamin Franklin

A

A brilliant inventor and senior statesman at the Constitutional Convention who urged colonial unity as early as 1754, twenty-two years before the Declaration of Independence

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11
Q

Bill of Rights

A

first ten amendments to the U.S Constitution, which largely guarantee specific rights and liberties

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12
Q

Checks and Balances

A

the three branches of government of some degree of oversight and control over the actions of the others

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13
Q

Common Sense

A

A pamphlet written by Thomas Paine that challenged the authority of the British government to govern the colonies

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14
Q

Constitution

A

A document establishing the structure, functions and limitations of a government

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15
Q

Constitutional Convention

A

The meeting in Philadelphia in 1787 that was first intended to revise the Articles of Confederation but produced an entirely new document, the U.S Constitution

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16
Q

Crispus Attucks

A

An African American and first American to die in what became known as the Boston Massacre in 1770

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17
Q

Critical Period

A

The chaotic period from 1781 to 1789 after the American Revolution during which the former colonies were governed under the Articles of Confederation

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18
Q

Declaration of Independence

A

Document drafted largely by Thomas Jefferson in 1776 that proclaimed the right of the American colonies to separate from Great Britain

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19
Q

Electoral College

A

The system established by the Constitution through which the president is chosen by electors from each state, which has many electoral votes as it has members of Congress

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20
Q

Enumerated Powers

A

The powers of the national government specifically grated to Congress in Article 1, Section 8 of the Constitution

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21
Q

Federalism

A

The distribution of constitutional authority between state government and the national government, with different powers and functions exercised by both

22
Q

Federalists

A

Those who favored a stronger national government and supported the proposed U.S. Constitution; later became the first U.S. political part

23
Q

The Federalist Papers

A

A series of eighty-five political essays written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay in support of ratification of the U.S Constitution

24
Q

First Confidential Congress

A

Meeting held in Philadelphia from September 5 to October 26, 1774, in which fifth-six delegates (from every colony except Georgia) adopted a restitution in opposition to the Coercive Acts

25
Q

French and Indian War

A

The American phase of what was called the Seven Years War, fought from 1754 to 1763 between Britain and France with Indian allies

26
Q

Full Faith and Credit Clause

A

Section of Article IV of the Constitution that ensures judicial decrees and contracts made in one state will be binding and enforceable in any other states

27
Q

George Washington

A

Considered the father of the nation, was commander of the revolutionary armies; served as the presiding officer of the constitutional convention

28
Q

Great Compromise

A

Final decision of Constitutional Convention to create a two-house-legislature, with the lower house elected by the people and powers divided between the two houses; also made national law supreme

29
Q

Implied Powers

A

Powers of the federal government that go beyond those enumerated in the Constitution

30
Q

Inherent Powers

A

The powers of the national government in the field of affairs that the Supreme Court has declared do not depend on constitutional grants but rather grow out of the very existence of the national government.

31
Q

James Madison

A

Father of the constitution; leading federalist; author of the Bill of Rights

32
Q

John Jay

A

A member of the founding generation who was the first Chief Justice of the U.S; diplomat and father of the Federalist Papers

33
Q

Lexington and Concord

A

The first sites of armed conflict between revolutionaries and British soldiers, remembered for the “shot heard round the world” in 1775

34
Q

Mercantilism

A

An economic theory designed to increase a nations wealth through the development of commercial industry and a favorable balance of trade.

35
Q

Montesquieu

A

The French baron and political theorist who first articulated the concept of separation of powers with checks and balances.

36
Q

Necessary and Proper Clause

A

Final par. of Article I, section 8,; gives Congress authority to pass all laws “necessary and proper” to carry out the enumerated powers specified in Constitution

37
Q

New Jersey Plan

A

Plan to amend the Articles of Confederation; it maintained equal representation of the states

38
Q

New World

A

The Western Hemisphere of Earth, also called the Americas; unknown to European before 1492

39
Q

political culture

A

Commonly shared attitudes, behaviors, and core values about how government should operate

40
Q

Samuel Adams

A

Cousin of president John Adams and leader against the British and loyalist oppressors: key role in developing the Committees of Correspondence

41
Q

Second Continental Congress

A

Meeting that convened Philadelphia on May 10,1775; decided that an army should be raised and George Washington of Virginia was named commander in chief

42
Q

separation of powers

A

The splitting of political powers between different branches of government and different levels of government

43
Q

shays rebellion

A

Showed weakness of the government, was led by Daniel Shays it was a protest against the land being taken away and the taxes that they had just worked so hard to get rid of

44
Q

social contract theory

A

The belief that governments exist based on the consent of the governed

45
Q

sons and daughters of liberty

A

Loosely organized groups of patriotic American colonists who were early revolutionaries

46
Q

stamp act Congress

A

Gathering of nine colonial reps. where a detailed list of Crown violations was drafted.First oficial step toward creating a unified nation

47
Q

supremacy clause

A

Mandating national law is Supreme over all other laws passed by the states or by any other subdivision of government

48
Q

Thomas Jefferson

A

Principle drafter of the Declaration of Independence; second vice pres. of the U.S; third pres. of U.S from 1801-1809; Co-founder of the Democratic Republican Party

49
Q

Thomas Paine

A

Influential writer of Common Sense, a pamphlet that advocated for independence from Great Britain

50
Q

three fifths compromise:

A

Agreement reacted at the constitutional Convention stipulating that three-fifths of the total slave population of each state was to be for purposes of determining population for representation in the U.S

51
Q

Virginia plan

A

A proposed framework for the constitution favoring large states; called for a bicameral legislature to appoint executive and judicial officers

APGOVSUM18marianasanchez (14 decks)

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