Ap Gov ch. 12 mariana sanchez-monke Flashcards

1
Q

501(c) group

A

a nonprofit organization in the federal law of the United States

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2
Q

527 political committees

A

organized for the purpose of influencing an issue, policy, appointment or election, be it federal, state or local

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3
Q

barack obama

A

an American attorney and politician who served as the 44th president of the United States from 2009 to 2017. A member of the Democratic Party, he was the first African American to be elected to the presidency

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4
Q

bernie sanders

A

an American politician serving as the junior United States Senator from Vermont since 2007

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5
Q

bipartisan campaign reform act

A

a United States federal law that amended the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1974, which regulates the financing of political campaigns

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6
Q

campaign consultant

A

sometimes act as political strategists, a senior political consultant who promote the election of certain candidates or the interests of certain groups

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7
Q

campaign manager

A

a paid or volunteer individual whose role is to coordinate a political campaign’s operations such as fundraising, advertising, polling, getting out the vote (with direct contact to the public), and other activities supporting the effort, directly

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8
Q

citizens united v. fec

A

a landmark U.S. constitutional law, campaign finance, and corporate law case dealing with regulation of political campaign spending by organizations

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9
Q

closed primary

A

A type of direct primary limited to registered party members, who must declare their party affiliation in order to vote. The closed primary serves to encourage party unity and prevent members of other parties from infiltrating and voting to nominate weak candidates.

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10
Q

communications director

A

responsible for managing and directing an organization’s internal and external communications. Directors of communications supervise public relations staff, create communication strategies, and may serve as the key spokesperson and media contact for the organization.

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11
Q

contrast ad

A

compares the records and proposals of the candidates, with a bias toward the sponsor.

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12
Q

conventional political participation

A

Relatively routine political behavior that uses institutional channels and is acceptable to the dominant culture

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13
Q

crossover voting

A

Relatively routine political behavior that uses institutional channels and is acceptable to the dominant culture

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14
Q

donald j trump

A

trash

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15
Q

elector

A

a person who has the right to vote in an election

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16
Q

electorate

A

all the people in a country or area who are entitled to vote in an election

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17
Q

electorate college

A

representatives of each state who cast the final ballots that actually elect a president

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18
Q

federal election campaign act

A

the primary United States federal law regulating political campaign spending and fundraising

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19
Q

federal election commission

A

an independent regulatory agency whose purpose is to enforce campaign finance law in United States federal elections

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20
Q

finance chair

A

most often the board treasurer, whose specific duties are usually described in the organization’s bylaws

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21
Q

front-loading

A

States may seek an early date for their primary elections. This practice has been criticized for serving the front-runner who often has the most resources to get a message out to more people more quickly than opponents.

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22
Q

general election

A

A general election is an election in which all or most members of a given political body are chosen.

23
Q

get-out-the-vote

A

GOTV push at the end of a campaign to encourage supporters to go to polls

24
Q

help america vote act

A

addresses improvements to voting systems and voter access that were identified following the 2000 election.

25
Q

hillary r clinton

A

an American politician, diplomat, lawyer, writer, and public speaker.

26
Q

incumbency

A

the holding of an office or the period during which one is held

27
Q

independent expenditures

A

The Supreme Court has ruled that individuals, groups, and parties can spend unlimited amounts in campaigns for or against candidates as long as they operate independently from the candidates. When an individual, group, or party does so, they are making an independent expenditure

28
Q

initiative

A

Procedure whereby a certain number of voters may, by petition, propose a law or constitutional amendment and have it submitted to the voter

29
Q

inoculation ad

A

A preemptive advertising tactic in which one party attempts to foresee and neutralize potentially damaging criticism from another party by being the first to confront troublesome issue

30
Q

mandate

A

Requirements that direct states and local governments to provide additional services under the threat of penalties or as a condition of the the receipt of federal grant money. For example the drinking age within states

31
Q

matching funds

A

Contributions of up to $250 are matched from the Presidential Election Campaign Fund to candidates for the presidential nomination who qualify and agree to meet various conditions

32
Q

mccutcheon v. fec

A

a landmark campaign finance decision of the United States Supreme Court

33
Q

mid-term election

A

A midterm election refers to a type of election where the people can elect their representatives and other subnational officeholders in the middle of the term of the executive

34
Q

Negative ad

A

advertising on behalf of a candidate that attacks the opponent’s character or platform

35
Q

Open primary

A

a primary election in which party members, independents, and sometimes members of the other party are allowed to participate

36
Q

olitical action committee (PAC)

A

officially recognized fund-raising organizations that represent interest groups and are allowed by federal law to make contributions directly to candidates’ campaigns

37
Q

Pollster

A

a campaign consultant who conducts public opinion surveys

38
Q

Positive ad

A

advertising on behalf of a candidate that stresses the candidate’s qualifications, family, and issue positions, with no direct reference to the opponent

39
Q

Presidential coattails

A

when successful presidential candidates carry into office congressional candidates of the same party in the year of their election

40
Q

Press secretary

A

the individual charged with interacting and communicating with journalists on a daily basis

41
Q

Primary Election

A

election in which voters decide which of the candidates within a party will represent the party in the general election

42
Q

Prospective judgment

A

a voter’s evaluation of a candidate based on what he or she pledges to do about an issue if elected

43
Q

Public funds

A

donations from general tax revenues to the campaigns of qualifying presidential candidates

44
Q

Reappointment

A

the reallocation of the number of seats in the House of Representatives after each decennial census

45
Q

Recall

A

an election in which voters can remove an incumbent from office prior to the next scheduled election

46
Q

Referendum

A

an election whereby the state legislature submits proposed legislation or state constitutional amendments to the voters for approval

47
Q

Retrospective judgment

A

a voter’s evaluation of a candidate based on past performance on a particular issue

48
Q

Runoff primary

A

a second primary election between the two candidates receiving the greatest number of votes in the first primary

49
Q

Super PAC

A

political action committees established to make independent expenditures

50
Q

Turnout

A

the proportion of the voting-age public that casts a ballot

51
Q

Thomas Jefferson

A

Principal drafter of the Declaration of Independence; second vice president of the US; third president of the US from 1801 to 1809. Co-founder of the Democratic-Republican party

52
Q

Unconventional political participation

A

activism that attempts to influence the political process through unusual or extreme measures, such as protests, boycotts, and picketing

53
Q

Voter canvass

A

the process by which campaign reaches individual voters, either by door-to-door solicitation or by telephone