Ap Gov ch. 12 mariana sanchez-monke Flashcards
501(c) group
a nonprofit organization in the federal law of the United States
527 political committees
organized for the purpose of influencing an issue, policy, appointment or election, be it federal, state or local
barack obama
an American attorney and politician who served as the 44th president of the United States from 2009 to 2017. A member of the Democratic Party, he was the first African American to be elected to the presidency
bernie sanders
an American politician serving as the junior United States Senator from Vermont since 2007
bipartisan campaign reform act
a United States federal law that amended the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1974, which regulates the financing of political campaigns
campaign consultant
sometimes act as political strategists, a senior political consultant who promote the election of certain candidates or the interests of certain groups
campaign manager
a paid or volunteer individual whose role is to coordinate a political campaign’s operations such as fundraising, advertising, polling, getting out the vote (with direct contact to the public), and other activities supporting the effort, directly
citizens united v. fec
a landmark U.S. constitutional law, campaign finance, and corporate law case dealing with regulation of political campaign spending by organizations
closed primary
A type of direct primary limited to registered party members, who must declare their party affiliation in order to vote. The closed primary serves to encourage party unity and prevent members of other parties from infiltrating and voting to nominate weak candidates.
communications director
responsible for managing and directing an organization’s internal and external communications. Directors of communications supervise public relations staff, create communication strategies, and may serve as the key spokesperson and media contact for the organization.
contrast ad
compares the records and proposals of the candidates, with a bias toward the sponsor.
conventional political participation
Relatively routine political behavior that uses institutional channels and is acceptable to the dominant culture
crossover voting
Relatively routine political behavior that uses institutional channels and is acceptable to the dominant culture
donald j trump
trash
elector
a person who has the right to vote in an election
electorate
all the people in a country or area who are entitled to vote in an election
electorate college
representatives of each state who cast the final ballots that actually elect a president
federal election campaign act
the primary United States federal law regulating political campaign spending and fundraising
federal election commission
an independent regulatory agency whose purpose is to enforce campaign finance law in United States federal elections
finance chair
most often the board treasurer, whose specific duties are usually described in the organization’s bylaws
front-loading
States may seek an early date for their primary elections. This practice has been criticized for serving the front-runner who often has the most resources to get a message out to more people more quickly than opponents.
general election
A general election is an election in which all or most members of a given political body are chosen.
get-out-the-vote
GOTV push at the end of a campaign to encourage supporters to go to polls
help america vote act
addresses improvements to voting systems and voter access that were identified following the 2000 election.
hillary r clinton
an American politician, diplomat, lawyer, writer, and public speaker.
incumbency
the holding of an office or the period during which one is held
independent expenditures
The Supreme Court has ruled that individuals, groups, and parties can spend unlimited amounts in campaigns for or against candidates as long as they operate independently from the candidates. When an individual, group, or party does so, they are making an independent expenditure
initiative
Procedure whereby a certain number of voters may, by petition, propose a law or constitutional amendment and have it submitted to the voter
inoculation ad
A preemptive advertising tactic in which one party attempts to foresee and neutralize potentially damaging criticism from another party by being the first to confront troublesome issue
mandate
Requirements that direct states and local governments to provide additional services under the threat of penalties or as a condition of the the receipt of federal grant money. For example the drinking age within states
matching funds
Contributions of up to $250 are matched from the Presidential Election Campaign Fund to candidates for the presidential nomination who qualify and agree to meet various conditions
mccutcheon v. fec
a landmark campaign finance decision of the United States Supreme Court
mid-term election
A midterm election refers to a type of election where the people can elect their representatives and other subnational officeholders in the middle of the term of the executive
Negative ad
advertising on behalf of a candidate that attacks the opponent’s character or platform
Open primary
a primary election in which party members, independents, and sometimes members of the other party are allowed to participate
olitical action committee (PAC)
officially recognized fund-raising organizations that represent interest groups and are allowed by federal law to make contributions directly to candidates’ campaigns
Pollster
a campaign consultant who conducts public opinion surveys
Positive ad
advertising on behalf of a candidate that stresses the candidate’s qualifications, family, and issue positions, with no direct reference to the opponent
Presidential coattails
when successful presidential candidates carry into office congressional candidates of the same party in the year of their election
Press secretary
the individual charged with interacting and communicating with journalists on a daily basis
Primary Election
election in which voters decide which of the candidates within a party will represent the party in the general election
Prospective judgment
a voter’s evaluation of a candidate based on what he or she pledges to do about an issue if elected
Public funds
donations from general tax revenues to the campaigns of qualifying presidential candidates
Reappointment
the reallocation of the number of seats in the House of Representatives after each decennial census
Recall
an election in which voters can remove an incumbent from office prior to the next scheduled election
Referendum
an election whereby the state legislature submits proposed legislation or state constitutional amendments to the voters for approval
Retrospective judgment
a voter’s evaluation of a candidate based on past performance on a particular issue
Runoff primary
a second primary election between the two candidates receiving the greatest number of votes in the first primary
Super PAC
political action committees established to make independent expenditures
Turnout
the proportion of the voting-age public that casts a ballot
Thomas Jefferson
Principal drafter of the Declaration of Independence; second vice president of the US; third president of the US from 1801 to 1809. Co-founder of the Democratic-Republican party
Unconventional political participation
activism that attempts to influence the political process through unusual or extreme measures, such as protests, boycotts, and picketing
Voter canvass
the process by which campaign reaches individual voters, either by door-to-door solicitation or by telephone
