AP Gov ch.3 Mariana Sanchez-Monke

Question 1

Abraham Lincoln

Answer 1

sixteenth president of united states, the first elected republican president, who served from 1861-1865. Lincoln, who led the union during the civil war, was assassinated in 1865 by a confederate sympathizer, john wilkes booth

Question 2

Andrew Jackson

Answer 2

seventeenth president of the united sates, a republican, who served from 1865 to 1869. johnson had served as abraham lincoln’s vice president and became president after lincoln’s vice president and became president

Question 3

barack obama

Answer 3

Barack Hussein Obama II is an American politician who served as the 44th President of the United States from January 20, 2009, to January 20, 2017.

Question 4

barron v. baltimore

Answer 4

Barron v. Baltimore, 32 U.S. 243, is a landmark United States Supreme Court case in 1833, which helped define the concept of federalism in US constitutional law.

Question 5

bill of attainder

Answer 5

A bill of attainder is an act of a legislature declaring a person or group of persons guilty of some crime and punishing them, often without a trial.

Question 6

block grant

Answer 6

In a fiscal federal form of government, a block grant is a large sum of money granted by the national government to a regional government with only general provisions as to the way it is to be spent, in contrast to a categorical grant, which has stricter and specific provisions on the way it is to be spent

Question 7

calvin coolidge

Answer 7

John Calvin Coolidge Jr. was an American politician and the 30th President of the United States. A Republican lawyer from New England, born in Vermont, Coolidge worked his way up the ladder of Massachusetts state politics, eventually becoming governor

Question 8

categorical grants

Answer 8

Categorical grants, also called conditional grants, are grants issued by the United States Congress which may be spent only for narrowly defined purposes.

Question 9

Charter

Answer 9

A document that, like a constitution, specifies the basic policies, procedures, and institutions of local government. Charters for local governments must be approved by state legislatures.

Question 10

Concurrent Powers

Answer 10

Powers shared by the national and state governments. Examples of state and federal concurrent powers would be the power to tax, construct roads, and establish lower courts.

Question 11

Confederate States of America

Answer 11

The political system created by the eleven states that seceded from the Union during the Civil War, which ceased to exist upon the Union victory.

Question 12

Confederation

Answer 12

Type of government in which the national government derives its powers from the states; a league of independent states.

Question 13

Cooperative Federalism

Answer 13

The intertwined relationship between national, state, and local governments that began with the New Deal; often referred to as marble-cake federalism.

Question 14

Counties

Answer 14

The basic administrative units of local government.

Question 15

Democracy

Answer 15

A system of government that gives power to the people, whether directly or through elected representatives.

Question 16

Dillon’s Rule

Answer 16

A premise articulated by Judge John F. Dillon in 1868 which states that local governments do not have any inherent sovereignty and instead must be authorized by state governments that can create or abolish them.

Question 17

“Dred Scott v. Sandford” (1857)

Answer 17

A Supreme Court decision that ruled the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional and denied citizenship rights to enslaved African Americans. “Dred Scott” heightened tensions between the pro-slavery South and the abolitionist North in the run up to the Civil War.

Question 18

Dual Federalism

Answer 18

The belief that having separate and equally powerful levels of government is the best arrangement, often referred to as layer-cake federalism.

Question 19

Enumerated Powers

Answer 19

The powers of the national government specifically granted to Congress in Article 1, section 8 of the Constitution.

Question 20

Ex Post Facto” Law

Answer 20

Law that makes an act punishable as a crime, even if the action was legal at the time it was committed.

Question 21

Extradition” Clause

Answer 21

Part of Article IV of the Constitution that requires states to extradite, or return, criminals to states where they have been convicted or are to stand trial.

Question 22

Federal System

Answer 22

System of government in which the national government and state governments share power and derive all authority from the people. Example: USA.

Question 23

Franklin D. Roosevelt

Answer 23

Thirty-second president, a Democrat, who served from 1933 to 1945. FDR’s leadership took the United States through the Great Depression and World War II.

Question 24

“Full Faith and Credit” Clause

Answer 24

Section of Article IV of the Constitution that ensures judicial decrees and contracts made in one state will be binding and enforceable in any other state. For example, you get married in Las Vegas, New York recognizes that marriage.

Question 25

“Gibbons v. Ogden” (1824)

Answer 25

The Supreme Court upheld broad congressional power to regulate interstate commerce. The Court’s broad interpretation of the Constitution’s commerce clause paved the way for later rulings upholding expansive federal powers.

Question 26

Great Society

Answer 26

Reform program begun in 1964 by President Lyndon B. Johnson that was a broad attempt to combat poverty and discrimination through urban renewal, education reform, and unemployment relief.

Question 27

Herbert Hoover

Answer 27

Thirty-first president of the United States, a Republican, who served from 1929 to 1933 during the start of the Great Depression.

Question 28

Implied Powers

Answer 28

The powers of the national government derived from the enumerated powers and the necessary and proper clause.

Question 29

Interstate Compacts

Answer 29

Contracts between states that carry the force of law; generally now used as a tool to address multistate policy concerns. Water laws, driver’s license laws, are examples of common compacts.

Question 30

Iroquois Confederacy

Answer 30

A political alliance of American Indian tribes established in the seventeenth century that featured aspects of the federal system of government adapted by the Framers.

Question 31

John C. Calhoun

Answer 31

A politician and political theorist from South California who supported slavery and states’ rights in the pre-Civil War era and served as Vice President from 1825-1832.

Question 32

John Marshall

Answer 32

The longest-serving Supreme Court Chief Justice, Marshall served from 1801-1835. Marshall’s decision in “Marbury v. Madison” (1803) established the principle of judicial review in the United States.

Question 33

Lyndon B. Johnson

Answer 33

Thirty-sixth president of the United States, a Democrat, who served from 1964 to 1969. LBJ led the nation during the Civil Rights era and the Vietnam War.

Question 34

McCulloch v. Maryland” (1819)

Answer 34

The Supreme Court upheld the power of the national government and denied the right of a state to tax the federal bank, using the Constitution’s supremacy clause. The Court’s broad interpretation of the necessary and proper clause paved the way for later rulings upholding expansive federal powers.

Question 35

Monarchy

Answer 35

A form of government in which power is vested in hereditary kings and queens who govern the entire society. Modern examples include the monarchy in English and Saudi Arabia.

Question 36

Municipalities

Answer 36

City governments created in response to the emergence of relatively densely populated areas.

Question 37

New Deal

Answer 37

The name given to the program of “Relief, Recovery, Reform” begun by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1933 to bring the United States out of the Great Depression.

Question 38

New Federalism

Answer 38

Federal-state relationship proposed by the Reagan administration during the 1980s; hallmark is returning administrative powers to the state governments.

Question 39

Nullification

Answer 39

The belief in the right of a state to declare void a federal law.

Question 40

Oligarchy

Answer 40

A form of government in which the right to participate depends on the possession of wealth, social status, military position, or achievement.

Question 41

“Privileges and Immunities” Clause

Answer 41

Part of Article IV of the Constitution guaranteeing that the citizens of each state are afforded the same rights as citizens of all other states.

Question 42

Programmatic Requests

Answer 42

Federal funds designated for special projects within a state or congressional district; also called earmarks.

Question 43

Progressive Federalism

Answer 43

A pragmatic approach to federalism that views relations between national and state governments as both coercive and cooperative.

Question 44

Reconstruction

Answer 44

The period from 1865-1877 after the Civil War, in which the U.S. military occupied and dominated the eleven former states of the Confederacy.

Question 45

Reserved Powers

Answer 45

Powers reserved to the states by the Tenth Amendment that lie at the foundation of a state’s right to legislate for the public health and welfare of its citizens.

Question 46

Roger B. Taney

Answer 46

Supreme Court Chief Justice who served from 1835-1864. Taney supported slavery and states’ rights in the pre-Civil War era. His opinion in the Dred Scott case read, current or former slaves and their descendants had “no rights which the white man was bound to respect.”

Question 47

Ronald Reagan

Answer 47

Fortieth president of the United States, a Republican, who served from 1981 to 1989. Reagan led the nation through the end of the Cold War and his leadership led to a national shift toward political conservatism.

Question 48

Secession

Answer 48

A unilateral assertion of independence by a geographic region within a country. The eleven Southern states making up the Confederacy during the Civil War seceded from the United States.

Question 49

Seventeenth Amendment

Answer 49

Amendment to the U.S. Constitution that made senators directly elected by the people, removing their selection by state legislatures.

Question 50

Sixteenth Amendment

Answer 50

Amendment to the U.S. Constitution that authorized Congress to enact a national income tax.

Question 51

Special District

Answer 51

A local government that is restricted to a particular function.

Question 52

Tenth Amendment

Answer 52

The final part of the Bill of Rights that defines the basic principle of American federalism in stating that the powers not delegated to the national government are reserved to the states or to the people.

Question 53

Totalitarianism

Answer 53

A form of government in which power resides in leaders who rule by force in their own self-interest and without regard to rights and liberties.

Question 54

Unitary System

Answer 54

System of government in which the local and regional governments derive all authority from a strong national government.

Question 55

Civil War

Answer 55

The military conflict from 1861 to 1865 in the United States between the Northern forces of the Union and the Southern forces of the Confderacy. Over 600,000 Americans lost their lives during this war.