AP Gov Ch.5 Raquel Acosta Flashcards

1
Q

Harriet Tubman

A

born a slave in Maryland in the early 1820’s Tubman escaped to freedom and became a conductor on the underground railroad. She led more than 70 people to freedom in the north, served in the union during the civil war, and championed women’s suffrage

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2
Q

abolitionist

A

a supporter, especially in the early 19th century, of ending the institution of slavery

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3
Q

civil rights

A

the government-protected rights of individuals against arbitrary or discriminatory treatment by government or individuals

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4
Q

equal protection clause

A

section of the 14th amendment that guarantees that all citizens receive “equal protection of the laws”

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5
Q

Frederick Douglass

A

a former slave born in the early 1800’s who became a leading abolitionist, writer and suffragist

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6
Q

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

A

leading 19th century feminist, suffragist, and abolitionist who.along with Lucretia Mott,organized the Seneca Falls Convention. Stanton later founded the National Woman Suffrage Associations (NWSA) with Susan B. Anthony

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7
Q

Lucrettia Mott

A

leading 19th cent feminist, suffragist and abolitionist who along with Elizabeth Cady Stanton organized Seneca falls convention

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8
Q

Seneca Falls Convention

A

first major feminist meeting, held in New York state in 1848, which produced the historic “Declaration of sentiments” calling for equal rights fro women

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9
Q

Dred Scott v. Stanford (1857)

A

supreme court decision that ruled the Missouri compromise unconstitutional and denied citizenship rights to enslaved African American. Dred Scott heightened tension between the pr-slavery south and the abolitionist North in the run up to the civil war

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10
Q

emancipation proclamation

A

presidents Abraham Lincoln issued this proclamation on January 1, 1863, in the 3rd year of the civil war. It freed all slaves in states that were in active rebellion against the united sates

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11
Q

Thirteenth Amendment

A

one of the three major amendments ratified after the civil war;specially bans slavery in the united state

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12
Q

fourteenth amendment

A

one of the three major amendments ratified after the civil war; guarantees equal protection and due process of the law to all U.S. citizens

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13
Q

fifteenth amendment

A

one of the three major amendments ratified after the civil war; specially enfranchised newly freed male slaves

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14
Q

Susan B. Anthony

A

19th century feminist, suffragist, and founder of the NWSA with Elizabeth cady Stanton. Anthony later formed the NAWSA which along with NWP helped to ensure ratification of the 19th amendment

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15
Q

Civil Rights Act of 1875

A

passed by congress to enforce the 14th amendment guarantees of equal protection to African Americans. granted equal access to public accommodations among either provisions

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16
Q

Jim Crows laws

A

laws enacted by southern states required segregation i public schools, theaters, hotels and other public accommodations

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17
Q

poll taxes

A

taxes levied in many southern states and locations that had to be paid before an eligible voter could cast a ballot

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18
Q

grandfather clause

A

voter qualification provision in many southern states that allowed only those citizens whose grandfather had voted before reconstructions to vote unless they passed a wealth or literacy test

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19
Q

progressive era (1890-1920)

A

a period of widespread activism to reform political, economic, and social ills in the united states

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20
Q

Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)

A

supreme court case that challenged a Louisiana statute requiring that railroads provide separate accommodations for blacks and whites; the court found that separate but equal accommodation did not violate the equal protection clause of the 14th amendment

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21
Q

separate-but-equal doctrine

A

the central tenet of the Plessy v. Ferguson decision that claimed that separate accommodations for blacks and Whites did not violate the constitution. This doctrine was used by southern states to pass widespread discriminatory legislation at the en of the 19th century

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22
Q

National Associations for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)

A

an important rights organization founded in 1909 to oppose segregation, racism and voting rights violation targeted against African Americans

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23
Q

National American Women Suffrage Associations (NAWSA)

A

organization created b joining the national and american women suffrage associations

24
Q

suffrage movement

A

the drive for voting rights for women that took place in the united states in the 19th and early 20th century until ratification of the 19th amendment in 1920

25
Q

National Women Party (NWP)

A

a militant suffrage organization founded in the early 20th century b. Members of the NWP were arrested, jailed and even force-fed by authorities when they went on hunger strikes to secure voting rights for women

26
Q

nineteenth amendment

A

amendment to the constitution passed in the 1920 that guaranteed women the right to vote

27
Q

NAACP legal defense and educational fund (LDF)

A

the legal arm of the NAACP that successfully litigated the landmark case of Brown v. Board of education and a host of other key civil rights case

28
Q

Thurgood Marshall

A

a leading civil rights lawyer and the first head of the NAACP’s legal defense and educational fund. Marshal was the first American appointed to the supreme court and served on the court from 1967 util 1991

29
Q

Harry S. Truman

A

the 33rd president a democrat who served from 1945 until 1953 Truman became president when Franklin D. Roosevelt died in office; he led he united states through the end of the world war 2 and the start of the cold war

30
Q

Brown v. Board of education 1954

A

U.S. supreme court decision holding that school segregation is inherently unconstitutional because it violates the 14th amendment guarantee of equal protection the law

31
Q

Dwight D. Eisenhower

A

the 34th president, a republican who served from 1953 to 1961 Eisenhower commanded allied forces during world war 2

32
Q

Rosa Parks

A

a leading civil rights activist on the 20th century parks was most notably involved with the Montgomery bus boycott

33
Q

Martin Luther King Jr.

A

a baptist minister, proponent of non-violence and the most prominent leader of the civil rights movement of the 1950’s and 1960’s. he was assassinated on April 4, 1968

34
Q

john f. Kennedy

A

the 35th president a democrat who served from 1961 to 1963 and marked a generational shift in U.S. political at the height of the cold war. he was assassinated November 22, 1963

35
Q

civil rights act of 1964

A

wide-ranging legislation passed by congress to outlaw segregation in public facilities and discrimination in employment, education, and voting; created the equal employment opportunity commission

36
Q

National organization fro women (NOW)

A

leading activist group of the women’s rights movement, especially in the 1960’s and 1970’s

37
Q

Eleanor Roosevelt

A

1st lady of the US from 1933 to 1945. Roosevelt championed human rights throughout her life and served as the U.S. first delegate to the united nations general assembly and later chaired the UN’s commission on human rights

38
Q

Equal pay act of 1963

A

legislation that requires employers to pay men and women equal pay fro equal work

39
Q

Title IX

A

provision of the education amendments of 1972 that bras educational institution that receive federal funds from discriminating against female students

40
Q

equal rights amendment (ERA)

A

proposed amendment to the constitution that states “equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the united states or any state on account of sex”

41
Q

league of united Latin america citizens (LULAC)

A

an activist group founded in 1929 to combat discrimination against, and promote assimilation among, Americans of Hispanic origin

42
Q

Cesar Chavez

A

labor organizer who, with Dolores Huerta founded the united farm workers union (UFW) in the 1960’s

43
Q

Mexican American Legal defense and educational fund (MALDEF)

A

an organization modeled on the NAACP legal defense and educational fund of Americans of Mexican and other Hispanic heritage

44
Q

Chinese exclusion act

A

a law passed by congress in 1882 that prohibited all new immigration into the US from china

45
Q

Korematsu v. U.S. 1944

A

a supreme court ruling that upheld the authority of the US government to require mass internment of people of Japanese ancestry in the united states during WWII

46
Q

LGBT community

A

a minority group based on sexual orientation sand gender identity that includes lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people

47
Q

Lawrence v. Texas (2003)

A

A 2003 supreme court ruling that anti-sodomy laws violated the constitutional right to privacy

48
Q

United States v. Windsor (2013)

A

a supreme court ruling striking down the 1996 defense of marriage act (DOMA) which prohibited federal recognition of same sex marriages

49
Q

Obergefell v. Hodges (2015)

A

supreme court ruling that held that same sex couples have fundamental right to marry under the constitution

50
Q

Americans with Disabilities act (ADA)

A

a law enacted y congress in 1990 designed to guarantee accommodations and access for people with a wide range of disabilities

51
Q

standers of review

A

levels of deference the court gives government to craft polices that make distinction on the basis of personal characteristics. these standards stern from the courts need to ensure that laws do not undermine the 14th amendment equal protection clause

52
Q

suspect classification

A

category or class such as race or fundamental freedom that triggers the highest standard of scrutiny from the supreme court

53
Q

strict scrutiny

A

a heightened standard of review used by the supreme court to determine the constitutional validity of a challenged practice. legitimization affecting the fundamental freedom, of speech , assembly religion and the press as well as suspect classification are automatically accorded this resolve of review

54
Q

affirmative action

A

polices designed to give special attention or compensatory treatment to members of a previously disadvantaged group

55
Q

intermediate standard of review

A

a standard of review in which the court determines whether classification serve and importation governmental objective gender-related legislation automatically accorded this level of review

56
Q

rational basic standard of review

A

a standard of review in which the court determines whether any rational foundation for the discrimination exist. legislation affecting individuals based on age, wealth, mental capacity are generally given this level of review

57
Q

Dolores Huerta

A

labor organizer who with Cesar Chavez founded the untied farm workers union (UFW) in the 1960’s