AP Gov Ch.3 Raquel Acosta

Question 1

confederation

Answer 1

type of government in which the national government derives its powers from the states; league of independent states

Question 2

Iroquois Confederacy

Answer 2

A political alliance of American Indian tribes established in 17th century that featured aspects of the federal system of government adapted by the Framers

Question 3

monarchy

Answer 3

a form of government in which power is vested in hereditary kings and queens who govern the entire society

Question 4

totalitarianism

Answer 4

A form of government in which power resides in leaders who rule by force in their own self interests and without regard to rights and liberties

Question 5

oligarchy

Answer 5

a form of government in which the right to participate depends on the possessions of wealth, social status, military position, or achievement

Question 6

democracy

Answer 6

a system of government that gives power to the people, whether directly or through elected representatives.

Question 7

federal system

Answer 7

system of government in which the national government and state governments share powers and derive all authority from the people

Question 8

unitary system

Answer 8

system of government in which the local and regional governments derive all authority from a strong national government

Question 9

enumerated powers

Answer 9

the powers of the national government specifically granted to congress in Article 1, Section 8 of the constitution

Question 10

implied powers

Answer 10

the powers of the national government derived from the enumerated powers and the necessary and proper clause

Question 11

tenth amendment

Answer 11

the final part of the bill of rights that defines the basic principle of American federalism in stating that the powers not delegated to the national government are reserved to the states or to the people

Question 12

reserved powers

Answer 12

powers reserved to the states by the 10th amendment that lie at the foundation of a states right to legislate for the public health and welfare of its citizens

Question 13

concurrent powers

Answer 13

Powers that the Constitution gives to both the national and state governments, such as the power to levy taxes

Question 14

bill of attainder

Answer 14

an item of legislation (prohibited by the US Constitution) that inflicts attainder without judicial process

Question 15

ex post facto law

Answer 15

“after the fact.” An ex post facto law is one which makes a particular act illegal, and punishes people who committed that crime before the law was passed, i.e., when the act was legal. (denied to state/national)

Question 16

full faith and credit clause

Answer 16

Clause in the Constitution (Article IV, Section 1) requiring each state to recognize the civil judgments rendered by the courts of the other states and to accept their public records and acts as valid

Question 17

privileges and immunities

Answer 17

A state cannot unreasonably discriminate against citizens of other states.

Question 18

extradition clause

Answer 18

An accused person who flees to another state must be returned to the state in which he/she allegedly committed the crime

Question 19

interstate compacts

Answer 19

An agreement among two or more states. Congress must approve most such agreements

Question 20

Dillons Rule

Answer 20

a rule that limits the powers of local gov’t to those expressly granted by the state or those powers closely linked to the express powers

Question 21

charter

Answer 21

a document, issued by a sovereign or state, outlining the conditions under which a corporation, colony,
city, or other corporate body is organized, and defining its rights and privileges

Question 22

counties

Answer 22

largest territorial unit between a city and a town

Question 23

municipalities

Answer 23

A legal term for a city. It is chartered by the state to exercise certain powers and provide certain services

Question 24

special districts

Answer 24

a local government that is restricted to a particular function (school districts)

Question 25

John Marshall

Answer 25

He served in the Continental Army during the Revolution. In the 1790s he had embraced the Federalist Party. Marshall tossed the Republicans a few crumbs by ruling that the Supreme Court could not compel Madison to deliver Marbury’s commission. Then he argued that the Court could not issue a writ of mandamus in its original jurisdiction. The 1st time the court had declared an act of Congress unconstitutional

Question 26

McCulloch v. Maryland

Answer 26

1819, Cheif justice john marshall limits of the US constition and of the authority of the federal and state govts. one side was opposed to establishment of a national bank and challenged the authority of federal govt to establish one. supreme court ruled that power of federal govt was supreme that of the states and the states couldnt interfere

Question 27

Gibbons v. Ogden

Answer 27

Regulating interstate commerce is a power reserved to the federal government

Question 28

Barron v. Baltimore

Answer 28

Bill of Rights was NOT applicable to the states

Question 29

Roger B. Taney

Answer 29

As chief justice, he wrote the important decision in the Dred Scott case, upholding police power of states and asserting the principle of social responsibility of private property. He was Southern and upheld the fugitive slave laws

Question 30

dual federalism

Answer 30

Views the Constitution as giving a limited list of powers—primarily foreign policy and national defense—to the national government, leaving the rest to the sovereign states. Each level of government is dominant within its own sphere. The Supreme Court serves as the umpire between the national government and the states in disputes over which level of government has responsibility for a particular activity

Question 31

nullification

Answer 31

a doctrine espoused on behalf of the states’ rights position which holds that states are empowered to void federal laws considered in violation of the Constitution

Question 32

John C. Calhoun

Answer 32

first vice president during Jackson’s presidency, Staunchly pro-slavery vice-president, engineering the Compromise of 1850 and helping further split the nations

Question 33

Dred Scott v. Stanford

Answer 33

Outlawed Missouri Compromise. Denial of slavery was a 5th amendment property violation. Blacks were NOT citizens

Question 34

civil war

Answer 34

The war fought in the United States between northern (Union) and southern (Confederate) states from 1861 to 1865, in which the Confederacy sought to establish itself as a separate nation.

Question 35

Abraham Lincoln

Answer 35

an American statesman and lawyer who served as the 16th President of the United States from March 1861 until his assassination in April 1865. Lincoln led the United States through the American Civil War—its bloodiest war and perhaps its greatest moral, constitutional, and political crisis

Question 36

secession

Answer 36

the action of withdrawing formally from membership of a federation or body, especially a political state

Question 37

confederate states of america

Answer 37

Name adopted by the 11 Southern states that seceded from the Union and formed their own country during the Civil War

Question 38

reconstruction

Answer 38

The period following the Civil War in which Congress passed laws designed to rebuild the country and bring Southern states back into the Union

Question 39

Andrew Johnson

Answer 39

known as “Old Hickory”; hates the British and the Indians; war hero in the Battle of New Orleans; defeated Creeks at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend; believed in the Common Man; reduced voting restictions; 7th president; “Good Ole Boy System”; Indian Removal Act; Trail of Tears; Worcester v. Georgia

Question 40

sixteenth amendment

Answer 40

Amendment that authorized Congress to enact a national income tax

Question 41

seventh amendment

Answer 41

Amendment that made senators directly elected by the people, removing their selection from state legislatures

Question 42

Calvin Coolidge

Answer 42

Became president when Harding died. Tried to clean up scandals. Business prospered and people’s wealth increased

Question 43

Herbert Hoover

Answer 43

Republican candidate who assumed the presidency in March 1929 promising the American people prosperity and attempted to first deal with the Depression by trying to restore public faith in the community

Question 44

Franklin D. Roosevelt

Answer 44

often referred to by his initials FDR, was the thirty-second President of the United States. Elected to four terms in office, he served from 1933 to 1945, and is the only U.S. president to have served more than two terms of office. He was a central figure of the 20th century during a time of worldwide economic crisis and world war

Question 45

New Deal

Answer 45

the name given to the program of “Relief, Recovery, Reform” begun by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1933 to bring the U.S. out of the Great Depression

Question 46

cooperative federalism

Answer 46

The intertwined relationship between the national, state, and local governments that began with the New Deal, often referred to as marble-cake federalism

Question 47

progressive federalism

Answer 47

A pragmatic approach to federalism that views relations between national and state governments as both coercive and cooperative

Question 48

Barack Obama

Answer 48

44th U.S. President 2009-2017 Democratic President

Question 49

categorical grants

Answer 49

Grant that appropriates federal funds to states for a specific purpose

Question 50

Lyndon B. Johnson

Answer 50

Became president after Kennedy’s assassination and reelected in 1964; Democrat; signed the Civil Rights Act of 1964 into law, promoted his “Great Society” plan, part of which included the “war on poverty”, Medicare and Medicaid established; Vietnam: Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, Tet Offensive

Question 51

great society

Answer 51

President Johnson called his version of the Democratic reform program the Great Society. In 1965, Congress passed many Great Society measures, including Medicare, civil rights legislation, and federal aid to education

Question 52

Ronald Reagan

Answer 52

believed in tax cuts and less government spending; cut out many welfare and public works programs; used the Strategic Defense Initiative to avoid conflict; His meetings with Gorbachev were the first steps to ending the Cold War; responsible for the Iran-contra Affair which bought hostages with guns

Question 53

new federalism

Answer 53

Federal-state relationship proposed by Reagan administration during the 1980s; hallmark is returning administrative powers to the state governments

Question 54

block grant

Answer 54

A large grant given to a state by the federal government with only general spending guidelines

Question 55

programmatic request

Answer 55

Federal funds designated for special projects within a state or congressional district