AP Gov Ch.12 Raquel Acosta

Question 1

Thomas Jefferson

Answer 1

principle drafter of the Declaration of Independence; second vice president of the unites states; third president of the united states from 1801 to 1809. Co-founder of the Democratic-Republican Party

Question 2

Donald J. Trump

Answer 2

The forty-fifth president, a republican, elected in 2016; the first president elected without prior political or military experience; an experienced businessman

Question 3

Hillary Clinton

Answer 3

first female major party candidate for president of the united states, a democrat, who ran against Donald J. Trump in 2016; secretary of state from 2009 to 2013; new York senator from 2001 to 2009; former first lady

Question 4

electorate

Answer 4

the citizens eligible to vote

Question 5

mandate

Answer 5

a command, indicated by an electorates votes, for the elected officials to carry out a party platform or policy agenda

Question 6

primary election

Answer 6

election in which voters decide which of the candidates within a party will represent the party in the general election

Question 7

closed primary

Answer 7

a primary election in which only a party’s registered voters are eligible to cast a ballot

Question 8

open primary

Answer 8

a primary election in which party members, independents, and sometimes members to the other party are allowed to participate

Question 9

crossover

Answer 9

participation in the primary election of a party with which the voter is not affiliated

Question 10

runoff primary

Answer 10

a second primary election between the two candidates receiving the greatest number of votes in the first primary

Question 11

general election

Answer 11

election in which voters decide which candidates will actually fill elective public offices

Question 12

initiative

Answer 12

an election whereby the state legislature submit proposed legislation of state constitutional amendments to the voter for approval

Question 13

referendum

Answer 13

an election whereby the state legislature submits proposed legislation or state constitutional amendments to the voters for approval

Question 14

recall

Answer 14

an election in which voters can remove an incumbents from office prior to the next scheduled election

Question 15

presidential

Answer 15

when successful presidential candidates carry into office congressional candidates of the same party in the year of their election

Question 16

Barack Obama

Answer 16

the first African-american president of the united states, a democrat, who served as forty-fourth president from 2009 to 2017; senator from Illinois 2005 to 2008; member of the Illinois senate from 1997 to 2004

Question 17

mid-term election

Answer 17

an election that takes places in the middle of a presidential term

Question 18

campaign manager

Answer 18

the individual who travels with the candidate and coordination the campaign

Question 19

finance chair

Answer 19

the individual who coordinates the financial business of the campaign

Question 20

communications director

Answer 20

the person who develops the overall media strategy for the candidate

Question 21

press secretary

Answer 21

the individuals charged with interacting and communicating with journalist on daily basis

Question 22

campaign consultant

Answer 22

a private-sector professional who sells to a candidate the technologies, services and strategies required to get that candidate elected

Question 23

pollster

Answer 23

a campaign consultant who conducts public opinion surveys

Question 24

voter canvass

Answer 24

the process by which a campaign reaches individual voters, either by door-to-door solicitation or by telephone

Question 25

get-out-the-vote (GOTV)

Answer 25

a push at the end of the political campaign to encourage supporters to go to the polls

Question 26

Bernie Sanders

Answer 26

longest serving independent in the united states congress. Ran against Hillary Clinton in the 2016 Democratic presidential primary; senator from Vermont since 2007; first elected to the house of representative in 1991

Question 27

positive ad

Answer 27

advertising on behalf of a candidates qualification, family, and issues positions, with no direct reference to the opponent

Question 28

negative ad

Answer 28

advertising on behalf of a candidate that attacks the opponents character of platform

Question 29

contrast ad

Answer 29

ad that compares the records and proposal of the candidates, with a bias toward the candidate sponsoring the ad

Question 30

inoculation ad

Answer 30

advertising that attempts to counteract an anticipated attack from the opposite before the attacks is launched

Question 31

Federal Election Campaign Act (FECA)

Answer 31

Passed in 1971, this is the primary law that regulates political campaign spending and fundraising. the law originally focused on increasing disclosure of contributions for federal campaigns

Question 32

Federal election commission (FEC)

Answer 32

An independent regulatory agency founded in 1975 by the United States Congress to regulate the Campaign finance legislation to the United States

Question 33

Bipartisan Campaign reform (BCRA)

Answer 33

Passed in 2002, this act amended the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 with several provisions designed to end the use of nonfederal, or “soft money” for activity affecting federal elections

Question 34

CItizens united v. FEC

Answer 34

The 2010 U.S. Supreme Court case that enabled corporations and unions have the same political speech rights as individuals under the First Amendment. As part of this ruling, the Supreme Court found that the government may not prohibit corporations or unions from using their general treasury funds to support or denounce political candidates in elections

Question 35

McCutcheon v. FEC

Answer 35

the 2014 supreme court ruling that declared section 441 of the federal election campaign act (FECA) unconstitutional, section 441 imposed limits on any individual’s total political contributions in a two year period

Question 36

political action committe (PAC)

Answer 36

officially recognized fund-raising organizations that represents interest groups are allowed by federal law to make contributions directly to candidates’ campaigns.

Question 37

527 political committe

Answer 37

organizations created with the primary purpose of influencing electoral outcomes; the term is typically applied only to freestanding interest groups that do not explicitly advocate for the election of a candidate

Question 38

501 (c) group

Answer 38

Interest groups whose primary purpose is not electoral politics

Question 39

super PAC

Answer 39

political action committees established to make independent expenditures

Question 40

independent expenditures

Answer 40

Spending for campaign activity that is not coordinated with a candidate’s campaign

Question 41

public funds

Answer 41

donations from general tax revenues to the campaigns of qualifying presidential candidates

Question 42

matching funds

Answer 42

donations to presidential campaigns whereby every dollar raised from individuals in amounts less than $251 is matched by the federal treasury

Question 43

conventional political participation

Answer 43

Activism that attempts to influence the political process through commonly accepted forms of persuasion such as voting or letter writing

Question 44

unconventional political participation

Answer 44

activism that attempts to influence the political process through unusual or extreme measures, such as protests, boycott, and picketing

Question 45

turnout

Answer 45

the proportion of the voting-age public that casts a ballot.

Question 46

retrospective judgement

Answer 46

a voter’s evaluation of a candidate based on past performance on a particular issue

Question 47

prospective judgment

Answer 47

a voters evaluation of a candidate based on what he or she pledges to do about an issue if elected

Question 48

front-loading

Answer 48

The tendency of states to choose an early date on the nomination calendar

Question 49

Help America Vote Act (HAVA)

Answer 49

A federal law passed in 2002 that addresses issues of voting systems and voter access that were identified following the 2000 election. It established minimum election administration standards for states and units of local government with for the administration of federal elections and for other purposes related to the bill

Question 50

electoral college

Answer 50

Representatives of each state who cast the final ballots that actually elect a president

Question 51

elector

Answer 51

Member of Electoral College

Question 52

reapportionment

Answer 52

the reallocation of the number of seats in the house of representatives after each decennial census.

Question 53

incumbency

Answer 53

Already holding an office