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Psychology ♡ > AOS 1 - General knowledge > Flashcards

AOS 1 - General knowledge Flashcards

What influences psychological development?

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1
Q

What is lifespan development?

A

A stage in which we change, grow, and improve through life until death.

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2
Q

What are the 6 stages of lifespan development?

A
  1. Infancy (0-2)
  2. Childhood (2-12)
  3. Adolescence (12-20)
  4. Early adulthood (20-40)
  5. Middle Age (40-65)
  6. Elderly (65+)
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3
Q

What are the 4 areas of lifespan development?

A
  1. social
  2. cognitive
  3. emotional
  4. physical
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4
Q

What is psychological development?

A

An individuals cognitive, social, and emotional growth beginning at birth and continuing through to death

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5
Q

Definition of hereditary factors

NATURE

A

Involve the transmission of characteristics from biological parents to their offspring, via genes.

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6
Q

3 Examples of hereditary factor

A
  1. genetics
  2. blood type
  3. hair colour
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7
Q

Definition of Environmental factors

NURTURE

A

Refers to all experiences, objects, and events we are exposed to throughout life.

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8
Q

3 Examples of environmental factors

A
  1. relationships (family + friends)
  2. job
  3. schooling
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9
Q

What are both sides of the nature vs nurture debate?

A

Some believe that the way a persons lives is predetermined (NATURE).
whereas others believe that everything is dependent on the environment. (NURTURE)

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10
Q

What is the current belief of the debate? (2 points)

A

It is currently believed that both nature and nurture have an impact on our psychological system.

They both interact and influence development.

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11
Q

What are critical periods?

(2 points)

A

Narrow, rigid developmental periods in which a specific function or skill must be learnt.

Well defined beginning and end time.

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12
Q

What are sensitive periods?

(3 points)

A

Periods in which effects of experience on development are particularly strong.

Sensory experiences have a greater influence on behaviour and brain development.

If not exposed during this period of time, learning can still occur, will take longer.

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13
Q

How is mindfulness useful for psychological development?

A

Mindfulness-based treatments have been proven to:
- Reduce anxiety + depression
- lower blood pressure
- improve sleep

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14
Q

What are adaptive behaviours?

Typical or Atypical?

A

Behaviours that enable us to adjust to our environment appropriately and effectively.

TYPICAL

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15
Q

What are maladaptive behaviours?

Typical or Atypical?

A

Behaviours that hinder us in adjusting to our environment appropriately and effectively.

ATYPICAL

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16
Q

What are maladaptive cognitions?

A

COGNITIVE DISTORTIONS/IRRATIONAL THOUGHTS that distort a persons perception of reality, usually in a negative way.

17
Q

What is typical behaviour?

Example?

A

Behaviour which occurs at appropriate times and is expected of an individual

Doing homework regularly

18
Q

What is atypical behaviour?

(2 points)

Example?

A

Patterns of behaviour that are NOT expected of an individual.

Can be distressing/harmful for individual and those around them.

Acting aggressively

19
Q

What is neurotypicality?

A

Individuals who have typical brain functioning, processes and behaviours.

20
Q

What is neurodiversity?

(2 points)

A

Idea that every human has a unique nervous system with its own combination of abilities and needs.

People with neurodivergent conditions will often have similarities with one another.

21
Q

What is autism?

2 Strengths and 2 Weaknesses?

A

Persistent neurodevelopment disorder that affects how a person interacts with others and experiences their environment.

Weakness: deficits in social communication - abnormalities in eye contact and body language, lack of facial expressions

Strengths: Ability to hyper-focus, strong memory

22
Q

What is ADHD?

2 Strengths and 2 Weaknesses?

A

Neurodevelopmental disorder that effects some areas of brain function.

Weakness: difficulty concentrating, hyperactivity + impulsivity

Strength: spontaneous, creative

23
Q

What is dyslexia?

2 Strengths and 2 Weaknesses?

A

Neurologically based learning difficulty, such as experiencing difficulties in reading and spelling.

Weakness: effects writing and reading performance, memory

Strength: Observant, three-dimensional thinking

Psychology ♡ (20 decks)

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