Aortic Stenosis

Question 1

Identify three symptoms of aortic stenosis

Answer 1

• Syncope
• Angina
• Dyspnoea

Question 2

Identify three findings on auscultation

Answer 2

• Crescendo-decrescendo ejection systolic murmur
• Ejection click
• Soft second heart sound

Question 3

Identify two findings on transthoracic echocardiography

Answer 3

• Thickened calcified aortic valve cusps

- Left ventricular hypertrophy

Question 4

Identify two findings on ECG

Answer 4

• Bifid P waves
• Deep S waves in V1
• Tall R waves in V6
• ST depression and T wave inversion in leads 1, aVL and V5-V6

Question 5

Identify the criteria for surgical aortic valve replacement

Answer 5

• Symptomatic patients

- Asymptomatic patients with reduced ejection fraction

Question 6

Identify the criteria for surgical valvotomy

Answer 6

• Bicuspid aortic valve

- Ascending aorta > 50 mm

Question 7

Identify the two main forms of aortic stenosis

Answer 7

• Acquired: Degeneration of aortic valve with age

- Congenital: Bicuspid aortic valve