Aortic Regurgitation Flashcards
1
Q
Identify the two main causes of aortic regurgitation
A
- Aortic root dilatation (idiopathic, syphilis, Marfan’s)
- Rheumatic fever
2
Q
Identify three clinical features of aortic regurgitation
A
- Palpitations
- Angina
- Dyspnoea
3
Q
What is Quincke’s sign
A
- Capillary pulsation in the nail beds
4
Q
What is De Musset’s sign
A
- Nodding of the head with the heart beat
5
Q
What Duroziez’s sign
A
- To-and-fro murmur when auscultating over femoral artery
6
Q
What are pistol shot femorals?
A
- Sharp bang heard on auscultation over the femoral arteries with each heart beat
7
Q
Identify three murmurs in aortic regurgitation
A
- Early diastolic murmur
- Mid-diastolic murmur (Austin flint murmur)
- Ejection systolic flow murmur
8
Q
Identify two findings on CXR
A
- Left ventricular dilatation
- Aortic root dilatation
9
Q
Identify two findings on ECG
A
- Deep S waves in lead V1
- Tall R waves in V6
10
Q
Identify three findings on echocardiography
A
- Hyperdynamic left ventricle
- Left ventricular dilatation
- Aortic root dilatation
- Austin flint rumble
11
Q
What is the role of colour and CW doppler?
A
- Determine severity of aortic regurgitation
12
Q
What is the role of cardiac catheterisation?
A
- Assess for coronary artery disease in patients requiring surgery
13
Q
Identify three differential diagnoses of aortic regurgitation
A
- Mitral regurgitation
- Aortic stenosis
- Mitral stenosis
- Pulmonary regurgitation
14
Q
What is the initial treatment of an acute exacerbation of aortic regurgitation?
A
- Dopamine or dobutamine
15
Q
Identify two medications used to reduce afterload and degree of regurgitations for ongoing aortic regurgitation
A
- Nifedipine
- Hydralazine
- Ramipril
