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Behavioral Health > Anxiety/Stress Disorders > Flashcards

Anxiety/Stress Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Define Fear

A

Response to a real or perceived immediate threat

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2
Q

Define Anxiety

A

Expectation of future threat, feeling of fear, worry, and uneasiness to an overreaction to a situation that is only subjectively seen as menacing

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3
Q

When does anxiety become a disorder?

A

When symptoms interfere with a persons daily life or ability to function

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4
Q

Symptoms of Anxiety Disorder

A 
Muscle tension
Poor memory
Sweaty hands
Fear or confusion
Constant worry
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5
Q

Causes of Anxiety

A 
Heart disease
DM
Thyroid problems
Asthma
Drug use/withdrawal
Tumors
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6
Q

Risk Factors for Anxiety

A 
Female
Trauma
Stress due to illness
Personality disorders
Depression
Blood relative with anxiety disorder
Drugs/alcohol
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7
Q

2 Components of Anxiety

A

Awareness of physiological sensations

Awareness of being nervous or frightened

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8
Q

Emotional Symptoms of Anxiety

A 
Excessive fear & worry
Feelings of apprehension
Trouble concentrating
Feeling tense
Anticipating the worse possible outcome
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9
Q

Physical Symptoms of Anxiety

A 
Pounding heart
Sweating
Stomach ache
Frequent urination
SOB
Muscle twitches
Headache
Fatigue
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10
Q

Major Neurotransmitters in Anxiety

A

Norepinephrine: over activation
Serotonin: under activation
Dopamine
GABA

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11
Q

Treatment of Anxiety

A

CBT
Exposure Therapy
Medication
Alternative Treatment

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12
Q

Desensitization Exposure Therapy for Anxiety

A

Combines relaxation with a gradual exposure to whatever provokes the anxiety

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13
Q

Flooding Exposure Therapy for Anxiety

A

Involves intense and prolonged exposure to the feared stimulus

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14
Q

Modeling Exposure Therapy for Anxiety

A

Involves the witnessing of another handle a feared stimulus without anxiety

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15
Q

Medication Treatment for Anxiety

A

SSRIs
SNRIs
Benzodiazepines
TCAs

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16
Q

SE of SSRIs

A

Insomnia
Weight gain
Sexual dysfunction

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17
Q

SE of SNRIs

A

Upset stomach
Sexual dysfunction
Increase in BP
Insomnia

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18
Q

SE of TCAs

A

HTN
Urinary retention
Constipation

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19
Q

Alternative Treatment for Anxiety

A 
Stress & relaxation techniques
Meditation
Yoga
Acupuncture
Kava: improves mood; OTC or herbal places
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20
Q

3 Categories of Anxiety

A

Anxiety Disorders
OCD
Trauma & stress-related disorders

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21
Q

Examples of Anxiety Disorders

A 
Separation anxiety disorder
Selective mutism
Specific phobia
Social phobia
Panic disorder
Agoraphobia
GAD
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22
Q

Examples of OCD

A 
OCD
Body dysmorphic disorder
Hoarding disorder
Trichotillomania: pull out & eat hair
Excoriation disorder
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23
Q

Examples of Trauma & Stressor-Related Disorders

A 
Reactive attachment disorder
Disinhibited social engagement disorder
PTSD
Acute stress disorder
Adjustment disorder
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24
Q

Define PTSD

A

Debilitating condition that can occur in people who have experienced or witnessed a natural disaster, serious accident, terrorist incident, sudden death of a loved one, war, violent personal assault such as rape, or other life-threatening events

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25
Q

4 Types of Symptoms of PTSD

A

Re-experiencing symptoms
Avoidance symptoms
Hyperarousal symptoms
Children

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26
Q

Re-experiencing Symptoms

A

Flashbacks
Bad dreams
Frightening thoughts

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27
Q

Avoidance Symptoms

A

Staying away from events, places, objects
Feeling emotional numb
Feeling strong guilt, depression, worry
Losing interest in activities
Having trouble remembering the dangerous event

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28
Q

Hyperarousal Symptoms

A

Being easily startled
Feeling tense
Difficulty sleeping
Having angry outburst

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29
Q

Symptoms in Children

A

Bedwetting
Forgetting how or being able to talk
Acting out event during playtime
Being unusually clingy

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30
Q

Clinical Presentation of PTSD

A 
T: traumatic event
R: re-experience
A: avoidance
U: unable to function
M: month long or more duration of symptoms
A: arousal is increased
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31
Q

Diagnosis of PTSD

A

Symptoms begin within 3 months and last more than a month

At least 1 re-experiencing symptoms, 3 avoidance symptoms, 2 hyperarousal symptoms

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32
Q

Treatment for PTSD

A

Psychotherapy

Medications

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33
Q

Psychotherapy for PTSD

A

CBT
Exposure therapy
Cognitive restructuring
Stress inoculation training

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34
Q

Medications for PTSD

A

1st: SSRI, SNRI
2nd: TCA
Benz’s short term

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35
Q

Define Acute Stress Disorder

A

Minimum of 3 days & maximum of 4 weeks

36
Q

Treatment of Acute Stress Disorder

A

CBT

Benzodiazepines: clonazepam

37
Q

Define General Anxiety Disorder

A

Applies to people who are worried or anxious about almost everything
Think things will always go bad
The worrying causes impaired functioning

38
Q

Epidemiology of General Anxiety Disorder

A

Average onset: 31 year old

Women > Men

39
Q

Signs/Symptoms of General Anxiety Disorder

A 
Can't relax
Startle easily
Have difficulty concentrating
Trembling
Irritability
Sweating
Fatigue
Headaches
Light headedness
Hot flashes
SOB
40
Q

Diagnosis of General Anxiety Disorder

A

Worries excessive about a variety of everyday problems for at least 6 months
GAD-7

41
Q

Treatment of General Anxiety Disorder

A

1st: CBT, SSRI, SNRI
2nd: TCAs, Benzo’s

42
Q

Examples of SSRI for General Anxiety Disorder

A

Paroxetine
Sertraline
Citalopram

43
Q

TCA for General Anxiety Disorder

A

Imipramine

44
Q

Short Acting Benzodiazepines for General Anxiety Disorder

A

Alprazolam

Lorazepam

45
Q

Long Acting Benzodiazepines for General Anxiety Disorder

A

Diazepam

Flurazepam

46
Q

Define Panic Disorder

A

Sudden & repeated attacks of fear that last for several minutes

47
Q

Define Panic Attacks

A

Characterized by a fear of disaster or of losing control even when there is no real danger

48
Q

Epidemiology of Panic Disorder

A

Women > Men

Late adolescence or early adulthood

49
Q

Signs/Symptoms of Panic Disorder

A

Sudden & repeated attacks of fear

Feeling being out of control during a panic attack

50
Q

Signs/Symptoms During a Panic Attack

A 
Pounding or racing heart
Sweating
Weakness or dizziness
Hot/cold
Chest pain
Tingling/numb
Abdominal pain
51
Q

Diagnosis of Panic Disorder

A

Attacks occur any time
Attack will peak in 10 minutes
1/3 of people become housebound

52
Q

Treatment of Panic Disorder

A

CBT

Medication

53
Q

Types of CBT for Panic Disorder

A 
Education
Self-monitoring
Breathing retraining
Muscle relaxation
Cognitive restructing
Exposure
Relapse prevention
54
Q

Medications for Panic Disorder

A

1st: SSRIs
2nd: another SSRI or SNRI
3rd: TCAs, Benzodiazepines

55
Q

Examples of SSRIs for Panic Disorder

A 
Fluoxetine
Paroxetine
Sertraline
Fluvoxamine
Citalopram
Escitalopram
56
Q

SNRI for Panic Disorder

A

Venlafaxine ER

57
Q

Examples of TCAs for Panic Disorder

A

Imipramine

Clomipramine

58
Q

Examples of Benzodiazepines for Panic Disorder

A

Alprazolam

Clonazepam

59
Q

Define Agoraphobia

A

Person feels fear and often avoid places or situations that might cause you to panic and make you feel trapped, helpless or embarrassed

60
Q

Epidemiology of Agoraphobia

A

Onset: Men

61
Q

Risk of Developing Agoraphobia

A

Tendency to be nervous or anxious
Experiencing stressful life events
Having a blood relative with agoraphobia

62
Q

Signs/Symptoms of Agoraphobia

A

Fear of leaving the house
Dependence on others
Fear of being alone
Fear of being in places that would be difficult to escape
Symptoms of a panic attack: helpless, anger, feel like body isn’t real

63
Q

Treatment of Agoraphobia

A

CBT: exposure therapy, service animals
Medications: SSRIs, SNRIs, TCAs, benzodiazepines

64
Q

Define Specific Phobia

A

Intense fear, anxiety, & avoidance of specific object or situation

65
Q

Define Social Phobia

A

Intense fear, anxiety & avoidance of social situations where there is the potential of being scrutinized or negatively judge by others

66
Q

5 Major Specific Phobias

A

Animal
Natural environment: storms, heights
Blood-injection-injury
Situational: airplane, elevators, closed spaces
Other: chocking, vomiting, clowns, costume characters (clowns)

67
Q

Epidemiology of Specific Phobias

A

Females > Males
Run in families
Appear in adolescence or adulthood

68
Q

Symptoms of Specific Phobia

A

Persistent fear that is excessive or unreasonable
Exposure provokes immediate anxiety response
Fear or anxiety is out of proportion to the actual danger posed

69
Q

Epidemiology of Social Phobias

A

Women = Men

Onset in childhood or early adolescence

70
Q

Signs/Symptoms of Social Phobia

A

Anxious about being with other people
Have hard time talking to other people
Self-conscious & feel embarrassed
Afraid other people with judge them

71
Q

Treatment of Phobias

A

CBT

Medications

72
Q

1st Line Treatment for Specific Phobias

A

CBT

73
Q

1st Line Treatment for Social Phobia

A

Group & individual CBT

74
Q

Medications for Specific Phobias

A

2nd: benzodiazepines
3rd: SSRI

75
Q

Medications for Social Phobias

A

1st: SSRIs & SNRIs
2nd: benzodiazepines
Performance: beta-blockers

76
Q

Define Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

A

Characterized by intrusive thoughts that produce uneasiness, apprehension, fear or worry (obsessions), repetitive behaviors aimed at reducing the associated anxiety (compulsions), or a combination of obsessions & compulsions

77
Q

Epidemiology of Obsessive- Compulsive Disorder

A

Average onset: 19

Men = Women

78
Q

Define Obsessions

A

Recurrent & persistent thoughts, impulses, or images that cause distressing emotions such as anxiety or disgust

79
Q

Define Compulsions

A

Repetitive behaviors or mental acts that the person feels driven to perform in response to an obsession

80
Q

Treatment of Obsessive-Compulsion Disorder

A

1st: CBT, SSRI
2nd: TCAs
3rd: SNRI

81
Q

Examples of SSRIs for Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

A

Fluoxetine
Sertraline
Paroxetine

82
Q

TCA for Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

A

Clomipramine

83
Q

SNRI for Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

A

Venlafaxine

84
Q

Define Anxiety Disorder due to a Medical Condition

A

Fear & anxiety symptoms are the direct effect of a medical condition

85
Q

Associated General Medical Conditions that Lead to Anxiety

A 
Endocrine conditions (thyroid)
CV conditions
Respiratory conditions
Metabolic conditions
Neurological conditions
86
Q

Treatment of Anxiety Disorder due to a Medical Condition

A

Treat the medical condition
Short acting benzodiazepines
SSRIs

Behavioral Health (25 decks)

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