Anxiety and Agression Flashcards
What is cognitive anxiety?
Thoughts, nervousness, or a worry a performer has about their lack of ability to complete a task successfully.
They lose concentration and don’t feel in control
What is somatic anxiety and examples?
Physiological responses to a situation where a performer feels that they may be unable to cope
Symptoms may include sweaty palms and muscle tension
Explain somatic state anxiety
- Starts off low but rises quickly a few hours before the event
- Decreases during the competition if there is success
Explain cognitive state anxiety
- Increases during the days before comp, but not just before it
- Will fluctuate during comp depending on success or failure
- Athletes that are confident/positive/experienced may experience less of this anxiety
What is competitive state and trait anxiety?
Trait - Anxiety as an innate personality trait - a predisposition to percieve all situations as threatening
State - anxiety/emotional reaction felt in a particular situation
Explain the trait and state relationship
High levels of trait anxiety = high levels of state anxiety in competitive situations
What are some advantages of questionnaires?
- Cheap and easy to produce/administer
- Reliable and can be used anywhere
- Produce lots of data that can be analysed
What are some disadvantages of questionnaires?
- Misinterpretation of questions/misunderstanding
- Answers may not be truthful/provide socially desirable answers
- Questions may not allow for full answers
- Biased questions
- Situation when completed may not be ideal/may rush to complete
What are some advantages of observing psychological responses
- Naturalistic, performers observed in their own environment
- Controlled, observer can control environment for accurate results
- Participant and non participants can be observed
- Participant can be aware or not aware
- Structured/unstructured, all types of data can be observed
What are some disadvantages to observations?
- Subjective
- Reliant on skill of the observer
- Time consuming as needs to be completed several times
- May need several observers
- Performer may behave differently if they know observation is taking place
What is the difference between aggression assertion?
Aggression - Behaviour that deliberately intends to injure another human being and is outside the rules of the game
Assertion - Robust/vigorous behaviour with no intention to injure and is within rules
What is the instinct theory?
- Aggression is inherited, not learnt (innate)
- Aggression impulses build up in all situations
- Sport can be a way of releasing this (catharsis)
What is the frustration-aggression hypothesis and the stages?
Where a blocked goal causes frustration
- Drive to goal
- Obstacle to goal
- Frustration
- Aggression
- Punishment and back to frustration
OR
- Success and catharsis
What is the social learning theory for aggression?
- Where aggressive behaviour is copied from role models or high profile players
- Through reinforcement, behaviour is repeated
What is the aggressive cue/cue arousal theory and an example?
- Aggression will only occur from frustration if socially-learned cues are present
eg a referees back is turned
a coaches influence
